布洛赫小说神话诗学研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 08:14

本文关键词：布洛赫小说神话诗学研究　出处：《河南大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：赫尔曼·布洛赫,一名处于现代主义晚期的美籍奥地利作家，身后被一些批评家誉为能与詹姆斯·乔伊斯，托马斯·曼等现代主义巨擘相媲美的现代文学家。然而，由于历史原因，他总体上沦为一个拥有很少读者且在文学批评史上受到极度冷遇和遗忘的小说家。布洛赫生前三部小说《梦游者》、《维吉尔之死》和《无罪者》堪称其伟大思想艺术成就的代表，致力于描述“不再，尚未”的时代困境。他相信，相信一个旧的基督教神话已经破灭，一个新的神话，一个统一世界图景定会出现。神话因此成为布洛赫小说创作的终极方向，而神话与象征理论则是其文学批评理论的核心内容。基于以上考虑，这篇博士学位论文在选定布洛赫小说作为研究对象的基础上，拟定了从神话主义批评和精神分析的双重视野下展开布洛赫神话诗学的论述。本论文包括引言、正文六个章节和结论在内的八个部分。本文主要采用的批判理论是弗洛伊德、荣格的精神分析理论和拉康的镜像三段论以及弗莱的神话原型批评理论。引言部分首先简要阐释诗学与神话作品的定义。其次，对布洛赫的生平和创作进行了历时性综述；按照发表的时间顺序，依次对布洛赫三大作品的情节和主题进行概述。为了更好的帮助研究者理解布洛赫文学创作的历史定位，分别就布洛赫在英国，美国，日本，中国等国家的接受和研究状态给予扼要的梳理和介绍；最后就论文的研究目的、意义和方法给以概括和介绍。论文的第一章旨在概括二十世纪初精神分析的崛起和神话创作的复兴。二者在二十世纪初的同时性发展有着鲜明的时代特色和背景。十九世纪末的欧洲陷入了前所未有的时代危机：宗教信仰危机，“上帝死了”；哲学滑入庸俗实证主义的泥沼；科学的启蒙与讹诈的双面性开始彰显出来。于是文学肩负起来了创造新神话的希望：“走向神话”一时间成为时代的口号。在精神分析学派的推动和鼓励下，现代主义时代迎来了神话复兴，涌现出一批伟大作家和具有神话向度的作品，比如艾略特的《荒原》，乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》，卡夫卡的《城堡》，托马斯·曼的《魔山》，布洛赫的《维吉尔之死》和毕加索的立体派油画作品，等等。作为晚期现代主义的代表人物之一，布洛赫通过小说写作来实践自己特色的神话理论。而神话、统一体、逻各斯、老年风格和独立个性等均为其着力表述的核心概念。论文的第二章以小说为单位，发表时间为顺序，展开对布洛赫的三大作品中人物形象塑造的原型研究。在荣格批评理论的框架下，该部分系统分析了主人公们的神话原型如何做到了与主题表达的契合。三部小说的人物塑造体现出一个共性：即人物形象的多元性。这些多重的原型意象，一方面体现了布洛赫观照下末世时代精神与价值体系的多元化与复杂性，另一方面展现了人物伴随时代变迁的内心自我的成长和演变。第三章主要探讨和发掘三部作品中丰富的象征意象内涵，及其与人物自我的心理体验之间的关系，进而揭示欧洲末世时代的精神风格。弗莱认为，象征是连接两个隐喻之间的关系；如能揭示贯穿性象征的内涵，文本的内在结构统一性就可以建立起来。讨论据此分为两个范畴：一是只在一部作品里重复出现的意象，二是贯穿布洛赫三部作品的意象。经研究发现，布洛赫笔下的象征意象根据内涵是否发生演变可以划分为两个阶段：以《梦游者》为代表的具体表征阶段，和以《维吉尔之死》为起点的抽象认知阶段。这两种风格的流变有力地证实了《维吉尔之死》是布洛赫臻于成熟并迈入晚年风格的标志。论文的第四章分析了人物追求真实自我主体作为作家乃至人物本身的生活动力的原因。在拉康镜像理论为批评工具的前提下，分析三部小说中各个主人公的追求自我主体性的模式，结合他们的悲剧性格和命运，重点分析了他们的恋母情结，色情主义，新娘神秘主义。在耶稣生下来向父运动的启发下，结合三部作品中人物心理演变过程的特征，本文归纳出向母向父又向风的三大心理认知运动趋向。人物的心理成长轨迹与拉康的镜像三界论相互吻合。笔者研究发现，布洛赫以文学艺术的形式超前的演绎了拉康的镜像理论和三界构想。第五章旨在阐述布洛赫的神话世界构想。布洛赫对中世纪旧的统一体时代的覆灭非常缅怀与感伤，但是他作为现代作家的使命要求他不能停留在过去的记忆中。布洛赫提出了“世俗的绝对”的认识论概念。克服死亡，掌握逻各斯的知识，建立一个伦理的、政治的、科学的世界。这个理想需要主体远离已被媚俗异化的城市，走向自然，和走入类似于马丁·布伯所倡导的“我-你关系”，摆脱异化的“我-他关系”，从而感悟爱的真谛和逻各斯的本质。在此基础上，建立起保护个人尊严和自由的理想国。本部分重点研究了布洛赫同海德格尔之间认识论上的分歧。论文的最后一章，在探析审美与救赎的历史渊源的基础上，研究了布洛赫小说神话世界以自我救赎为核心的伦理美学。布洛赫的美学是否定美学，又是伦理美学，救赎美学，和反刍美学。笔者提出并分析了布洛赫独特的审丑视角：“反刍”美学。反复的观照一个丑陋的或者令人作呕的事物，体现了一个反媚俗的艺术家的良知，更好地表现了对现代传统价值的崩溃和人性堕落的人文关怀。论文的结尾部分首先总结了布洛赫的神话诗学的构建；其次探讨了他作为后期现代主义和后现代主义的过渡人物在文学史的地位，，以及他留给后人的文化遗产与影响力；最后对今后布洛赫研究的方向与前景给出尝试性展望。
[Abstract]:Hermann Bloch, a late modernism in American Austria writers, behind by some critics hailed as James Joyce, Thomas Man and other modern giant comparable to modern literature. However, due to historical reasons, he is reduced to a few readers and have in the history of literary criticism have been extremely cold and forgotten novelist Bloch's three novel < < > sleepwalkers, the death of Virgil > and < > is the great representative of innocence ideological and artistic achievements, dedicated to the description of "no longer, not difficult times". He believed that believe an old Christian myth has been shattered, a new myth, a unified the picture will appear. So the myth becomes the ultimate direction of Bloch's novels, and myth and symbol theory is the core content of the theory of literary criticism. Based on the above considerations, this Based on the selection of Bloch's novels, doctoral dissertations draw up the exposition of Bloch's mythological poetics from the perspective of mythological criticism and psychoanalysis.
This thesis includes eight parts: introduction, six chapters and conclusions. The critical theories adopted in this paper are Freud, Carl Jung's psychoanalysis theory, Lacan's mirror syllogism and Frye's myth archetypal criticism theory.
The first part briefly explains the definition of poetry and myth works. Secondly, on the life and works of Bloch has made a diachronic review; according to the time sequence published, followed by an overview of Bloch's three major works of plot and theme. In order to help better understand the history of the positioning of Bloch's literary creation, Bloch respectively in the UK the United States, Japan and other countries, China acceptance and research status gives review and introduce briefly; finally, the research purpose, significance and method to summary and introduction.
The first chapter of the thesis aims to generalize the creation myth Renaissance and the rise of psychoanalysis in early twentieth Century. In early twentieth Century two at the same time of development has a distinctive character and background. At the end of the nineteenth Century, Europe is in a crisis: the crisis of religious belief hitherto unknown, "God is dead"; slide into the morass of vulgar positivism philosophy double sided; enlightenment and science began to blackmail demonstrated. Then literature shoulder up the creation of a new myth: "hope to become a myth" the slogan of the era. In the spirit of the school to promote and encourage, the modernism era ushered in the Renaissance of myth, the emergence of a number of great writers and has the myth of Eliot's works, such as < < Ulysses > wilderness, Joyce >, < > Kafka castle, Thomas Man Bloch's < < Little >, > and the death of Virgil Picasso's cubist paintings, and so on. As a representative of late modernism, Bloch by writing to practice their own characteristics. And the theory of myth and mythology, unity, logos, old style and independent personality are the focus representation of the core concept.
The second chapter in the novel as the unit, issued the order of time, start on the three prototype works of Bloch's characters. In the framework of Carl Jung's critical theory, this part systematically analyzes the archetypal protagonists how do fit with the theme of expression. The three novels reflect the characters a common: that the diversity of characters. These multiple prototype images, on the one hand reflects the diversity and complexity of spirit and value system in the era of Bloch eschatological perspective, on the other hand to show the characters with the changes of the times of the inner self growth and evolution.
The third chapter mainly discusses three works and explore the rich symbolic imagery connotation, character and its relationship with self psychological experience, and reveals the spirit of the times style. European eschatological Frye believes that the symbol is connected between the two metaphor can reveal the connotation; the symbol of unity, the internal structure of the text you can set up. The discussion can be divided into two categories: one is only repeated in a work in the image, two is through the three works of Bloch's image. The study found that the symbolic images in Bloch's works according to the connotation of whether evolution can be divided into two stages: stage specific characterization in "sleepwalking > as the representative, and to" the death of Virgil "as the starting point. The rheological stage abstract cognition of these two styles effectively confirmed the death of Virgil Bloch < > is mature and old age into the wind The sign of the lattice.
The fourth chapter analyzes the character of the pursuit of true self subject as a writer and life power itself causes. In Lacan's mirror theory as the premise criticism tools, analysis of three novels in the protagonist's pursuit of self subjectivity model, combined with their tragic character and destiny, focuses on the analysis of their love mother, eroticism, bride of mysticism. In Christ born to inspire the parent movement, combined with the evolvement features of characters in the three works of psychology, this paper concludes three psychological cognition to the mother to the father and the wind movement trend. Psychological growth trajectory and Lacan the mirror on the three characters coincide with each other. The author found that Bloch in the artistic form of literature in advance of the interpretation of the image theory and conception of Lacan realms.
The fifth chapter aims to explain the myth of Bloch Bloch on the medieval world concept. The old age is the unity of destruction of nostalgia and sentimentality, but he as a modern writer mission requires that he couldn't stay in the memory of the past. Bloch put forward the "understanding of the secular concept of absolute". To overcome death, grasp the logos of knowledge, establish an ethical, political and scientific world. This subject has been far from ideal to kitsch alienation towards nature, and into the city, similar to Martin Bubb's "I-Thou relationship", get rid of the alienation of the "I - he", and perception of the true meaning of love and nature. This logos on the basis of establishing an ideal country to protect personal dignity and freedom. This part focuses on the Bloch Heidegger theory of knowledge on the differences.
In the last chapter of this thesis, based on the historical origins of aesthetics and salvation on the study of Ethical Aesthetics in Bloch's novels the myth of the world to self redemption at the core of Bloch's aesthetic is an ethical aesthetics, aesthetics, aesthetics and aesthetic salvation, rumination. The author puts forward and analyzes the unique perspective: "ugly Bloch rumination" aesthetics. Repeated reflection an ugly or disgusting things, embodies an anti kitsch artist's conscience, better reflects the humanistic concern of modern traditional values collapse and degeneration of humanity.
The last part of the thesis firstly summarizes the construction of Bloch's myth poetics; secondly discusses him as a transitional figure in post modernism and Postmodernism in the literary history of the status and influence of cultural heritage and his legacy; finally the future research direction and Prospect of Bloch and give a prospect.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【共引文献】