结构主义符号学文学批评实践研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 06:24

本文关键词： 符号学结构主义叙事语言叙事结构　出处：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代文艺理论研究中,结构主义符号学一直是重要的方法论之一,它为人文学科的研究提供了科学化视角,建立在符号学基础上的结构主义文论具有普遍的规则性和相当高的现代性,语言学、符号学、叙事学三者密不可分。本文从其发展源流、基本理论、叙事语言、叙事结构几个方面进行研究。作为新学科的符号学。符号学最初作为语言学研究手段出现在人文学科中,索绪尔的现代语言学理论中明确提出应当将符号学发展为一门独立的、具有普遍适用性的学科。符号意识贯穿人类社会始终,但作为方法论符号学,在二十世纪初才确定其作为独立学科的地位,符号学的发展有多个方向,即逻辑—修辞符号学,莫斯科—塔图学派和结构主义符号学。作为文学批评方法论的符号学。符号学是客观、超然的方法论,结构主义符号学文论的基本理论来源是俄国形式文论和布拉格学派的语言学理论,罗兰·巴尔特在索绪尔的符号学设想的基础上大规模扩充了符号学基本理论,并开始用符号学视角进行文本批评,随后,格雷马斯建立了一个可以归纳大多数文本叙事语法的矩阵模型。自此,作者不再是文学中的主角,取而代之的是风格和结构。符号学文论的基本理论：文学性与陌生化；文学符号生成方式；横组合和纵聚合；表层/深层结构的运行方式。作为文本叙事语言研究方法论的符号学。写作是制造句子的过程,以语句为单位,广义概念下的叙事语言是一个坐标式的系统,包含了横组合轴和纵聚合轴。横组合轴是词的先后联接,它表现的是历时性的组合关系；纵聚合是词的替换和隐喻,它表现的是共时性的选择关系。作者写作的三种手法,省略,催化和替换,前两者处于横组合轴,替换属于纵聚合轴,替换在文本中多通过隐喻完成,它属于语义的流变。作为文本叙事结构研究方法论的符号学。结构主义文论将叙事文本分为表层和深层两个层次,深层结构是文本的生成层面,表层则是文本的可见层面,在双层结构和二元对立原则上,格雷马斯总结出了一个叙述语法模型,大多数叙事文本都可以有这个叙事语法矩阵进行叙事结构分析。本论文简要介绍符号学的发展过程,整理归纳出符号学文论的主要理论,并将其与文本结合,主要从叙事语言和叙事结构两个方面探讨了结构主义符号学文论在文学批评中的实践,在结尾提出了结构主义文论的转型可能。本文主要采用例证法和演绎法。
[Abstract]:In the study of modern literary theory, structuralism semiotics has always been one of the important methodologies, which provides a scientific perspective for the study of humanities. The structuralist literary theory based on semiotics has universal regularity and high modernity. Linguistics, semiotics and narratology are inseparable. Several aspects of narrative structure are studied. As a new subject, semiotics appeared in the humanities as a means of linguistic research. Saussure's modern linguistic theory clearly proposed that semiotics should be developed into an independent one. The subject with universal applicability. Symbol consciousness runs through human society all the time, but as a methodological semiotics, its status as an independent subject was determined only in the beginning of 20th century, and the development of semiotics has many directions. Logic-rhetorical semiotics, Moscow-Tutu school and structuralist semiotics. As the methodology of literary criticism, semiotics is an objective and transcendent methodology. The basic theoretical sources of structuralism semiotics are Russian formal literary theory and Prague school's linguistic theory. Roland Barter, based on Saussure's semiotics vision, expanded the basic theory of semiotics on a large scale, and began to criticize the text from a semiotics perspective, and then. Graymas established a matrix model which can induce most text narrative grammar. Since then, the author is no longer the protagonist in literature. Instead, style and structure. The basic theory of semiotic literary theory: literariness and strangeness; Literary symbol generation; Transverse combination and longitudinal polymerization; The mode of operation of the surface / deep structure. As the methodology of text narrative language research, writing is the process of making sentences. The narrative language under the generalized concept is a coordinate system. The transverse combination axis is the sequential connection of words, and it represents the diachronic combination relationship. Vertical aggregation is the substitution and metaphor of words, which shows the synchronic selection relationship. The author's three techniques of writing, ellipsis, catalysis and substitution, are in the horizontal combination axis, and the substitution belongs to the longitudinal aggregation axis. Substitution in the text is mostly done by metaphor, which belongs to the semantic evolution. As the semiotics of the methodology of text narrative structure research, structuralist literary theory divides narrative text into surface and deep layers. The deep structure is the generation level of text, and the surface layer is the visible level of text. On the principle of double structure and duality, Greimas sums up a narrative grammar model, which can be used in most narrative texts to analyze the narrative structure with this narrative grammar matrix. This paper briefly introduces the development of semiotics, summarizes the main theories of semiotics, and combines them with texts. This paper mainly discusses the practice of structuralist semiotic literary theory in literary criticism from two aspects of narrative language and narrative structure, and puts forward the possibility of the transformation of structuralist literary theory at the end.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I109

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