《失聪宣判》中的U型叙事结构

发布时间：2018-04-01 20:23

本文选题：U型叙事结构　切入点：戴维·洛奇　出处：《湖北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《失聪宣判》是英国著名学者戴维·洛奇2008年出版的作品。小说主人公戴斯蒙德患有听力衰竭症,同时由于他授课的学院遭到裁撤而提前退休,小说主要刻画了戴斯蒙德在这两方面压力之下的生活。洛奇用诙谐的文笔描述了现代社会中常见的“中年危机”,使小说极具人文主义关怀精神。本论文将使用诺斯洛普·弗莱在《伟大的代码》一书中提出的U型叙事结构分析小说主人公戴斯蒙德的心理变化过程,继而展现作者如何使用这种结构表现主人公最终和生命达成和解,以及作品中的人文主义关怀精神。诺斯洛普·弗莱是神话-原型批评理论的代表人物。《威严的对称》、《批评的解剖》和《伟大的代码：圣经和文学》是弗莱最负盛名的三部作品。在《伟大的代码：圣经与文学》中,诺斯洛普·弗莱将《圣经》中的U型叙事结构概括为包括罪孽和忏悔、堕落和拯救、受难和皈依等,主人公经过一系列苦难历程,最终到达较为完满的结局的结构。堕落的过程,苦难的深渊和最后得到救赎的过程构成了完美的U型。本论文除前言和结论外,一共分为两个部分。第一部分概括了国内外学者对《失聪宣判》和洛奇其他作品的研究成果以及介绍了U型叙事结构的具体内容。另一部分运用U型叙事机构分析了戴斯蒙德的心理变化过程。退休之后,戴斯蒙德的心理状况由退休前的舒适平和转变为压抑痛苦。退休前,戴斯蒙德生活愉悦；但退休后戴斯蒙德由于受到来自婚姻,亲人和社交方面的压力而心情抑郁。这一阶段的心灵变化过程和U型叙事结构的下滑部分吻合。周末度假之后,戴斯蒙德的心理状况到达了最低谷。度假之后戴斯蒙德与妻子进入了冷战状态,同时戴斯蒙德得知父亲的病情加重,加上戴斯蒙德在周末的假期中几件不愉快的插曲,因而他的心理状况达到了最低谷。戴斯蒙德心理最低谷和U型叙事机构中的最严厉的惩罚契合。经过波兰之旅后,戴斯蒙德改变了对待生活和生活中不愉快事件的态度,因而他的心理状况逐步回复平静与安宁。最后一阶段的心理恢复过程和U型叙事结构的上升过程对应。通过分析与研究,本论文探寻了洛奇为何要使用U型叙事结构来表现戴斯蒙德的心理状况变化。事实上,洛奇本人深受听力问题困扰,他很能理解重听带来的不便与焦虑。同时,洛奇信仰基督教,且从洛奇的几部小说中我们可清晰的感受到洛奇相信宗教有力量让人们在繁忙的现代生活中找到内心的平静。U型叙事结构的运用和小说中戴斯蒙德最终与生活达成的和解都表现了洛奇对现代生活中人们精神困境的人文关怀,也表现出洛奇希望宗教能安抚人们源于现代社会生活的焦虑。同时,洛奇在这部小说中也给予了那些深受类似中年危机问题困扰的人们找到解决办法的启发。
[Abstract]:The Deaf-Deafness judgment, published in 2008 by David Lodge, is a novel in which Desmond suffers from hearing failure and retires early after his college was abolished. The novel mainly depicts Desmond's life under these two pressures. Rocky describes the common "midlife crisis" in modern society in witty style, which makes the novel have a humanist spirit of concern. The U-type narrative structure proposed by Slope Frye in the Great Code analyzes the psychological changes of Desmond, the protagonist of the novel. Then it shows how the author uses this structure to express the ultimate reconciliation between the protagonist and the life, and the humanistic care spirit in the works. Northrop Frye is the representative of mythological-archetypal criticism. The Symmetry of the Magnificent, the Anatomy of criticism, and the Great Code: the Bible and Literature are Frey's three most famous works. In "Great Code" "the Bible and Literature." Northrop Foley sums up the U-type narrative structure in the Bible as including sin and repentance, depravity and salvation, suffering and conversion, etc. The process of depravity, the abyss of suffering, and the process of ultimate redemption constitute the perfect U-shape. In addition to the foreword and conclusion, It is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars' research achievements on Deafness judgment and Lodge's other works, and introduces the specific contents of the U-shaped narrative structure. The other part uses U-shaped narrative organization to divide it into two parts. Analysis of Desmond's psychological process. After retirement, Desmond's psychological state changed from comfort before retirement to depression. Before retirement, Desmond had a pleasant life; but after retirement, Desmond was married. Depression due to family and social stress. This stage of mental change coincides in part with the decline of the U-shaped narrative structure. After the weekend vacation, Desmond's mental health was at its lowest point. After the holiday, Desmond went into a cold war with his wife, while Desmond learned that his father's illness had worsened, and that Desmond had had several unpleasant episodes during his weekend holiday. So his mental state was at its lowest point. Desmond was at the bottom of the spectrum with the harshest punishment in the U narrative institution. After a trip to Poland, Desmond changed his attitude to life and its unpleasant events. As a result, his psychological condition is gradually restored to calm and tranquility, and the last stage of psychological recovery corresponds to the ascending process of U-shaped narrative structure. Through analysis and research, this paper explores why Rocky uses U-shaped narrative structure to express Desmond's psychological changes. In fact, Rocky himself is deeply troubled by hearing problems. He understood the inconvenience and anxiety of hard of hearing. At the same time, Rocky believed in Christianity. And from some of Rocky's novels, we can clearly feel that Rocky believes that religion has the power to find the inner peace of mind in modern life, the use of the U-shaped narrative structure, and Desmond's eventual life in the novel. The successful reconciliation shows Rocky's humanistic concern for the spiritual plight of people in modern life. It also shows Rocky's desire for religion to reassure people of the anxieties of modern life. In the novel, Rocky also offers inspiration to people who are suffering from problems such as midlife crises.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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