论《南方与北方》中玛格丽特的女性社会空间

发布时间：2018-04-04 04:42

本文选题：伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔　切入点：《南方与北方》　出处：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《南方与北方》是英国社会问题小说家伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔(Elizabeth CleghornGaskell,1810 1865)于1855年发表的一篇小说，也是其创作生涯中最后一部有关社会问题和工业题材的作品。小说讲述了南方女孩玛格丽特在北方工业城市米尔顿的成长经历，进而展现出维多利亚中期女性在工业革命的影响下开始逐步走出家庭，参与社会公共活动，独立自主的社会现实。近年对《南方与北方》的研究主要集中在它与《玛丽·巴顿》在情感结构，主题分析，作品比较分析中，也有对其从生态意识进行分析。到目前为止，没有评论者女性空间角度对玛格丽特进行分析研究。空间理论，是二十世纪后半叶的一种全新的文学理论，为文学研究提供了新的理论视角。列斐伏尔在《空间的生产》一书中提到，空间是一个可衍生出社会关系和社会秩序的场所，可分为物质空间，精神空间和社会空间。社会空间是一种特殊性的社会产品，是一种社会关系的容器，是社会关系和社会力量纠结的场所。社会空间包含社会关系，并赋予这些社会关系以合适的场所。因此，作为社会关系的一部分的男女关系，将社会空间分为了男性空间，过渡空间以及女性空间。《南方与北方》中的玛格丽特作为社会关系的元素之一，以新女性的身份重新整合了社会空间，实现女性的空间跨越。这种空间的跨越集中体现了维多利亚中后期新女性在工业革命影响下是如何“走出去”，实现女性私人空间的延伸的现实。本论文试从女性社会空间角度，以玛格丽特为例，分析维多利亚中后期女性在女性私人空间，过渡空间和男性公共空间的社会空间活动以及在不同空间的女性形象，来探讨工业革命后期女性是如何摆脱传统的“男主外，女主内”的思想意识，实现从女性私人空间到男性公共空间跨越，转换女性社会形象，从而获得更大的社会空间。这种社会空间的跨越折射出工业革命影响下女性的成长，同时也反映了女性开始逐步在男性公共空间实现自我，实现独立自主。首先，从玛格丽特在私人空间，即家庭，中的社会活动可以看到她是如何充分发挥传统女性特有的家务能力，照顾着整个黑尔家庭，并代替了作为一家之主的父亲来替这个家庭做出所有决定。在传统男性占主导地位的私人空间，玛格丽特是一家之主。其次，从玛格丽特在在过渡空间的社会活动可以看出她是如何在私人空间和公共空间之间的过渡空间，通过参加聚会和慈善的方式，寻找通向公共空间的路径。最后，玛格丽特通过对私人空间和过渡空间的延伸，以男性的保护者和阶级矛盾的调和者身份开始在公共空间的活动，实现了女性真正打破了传统划分的社会空间，走向了男性公共空间。因此，从总体上来说，，本论文认为《南方与北方》中的玛格丽特的生活经历彰显了维多利亚中后期的女性开始独立的社会现实，表达了盖斯凯尔夫人对女性权利的诉求。
[Abstract]:"South and North" is a novel published in 1855 by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskellern (1865), a British novelist on social issues and industry.The novel tells the story of the southern girl Margaret growing up in Milton, an industrial city in the north, and shows that women in the middle of Victoria began to step out of their families and participate in public activities under the influence of the industrial revolution.Independent social realityIn recent years, the study of "South and North" is mainly focused on its emotional structure, thematic analysis, and comparative analysis of works, and also on its ecological consciousness.So far, no commentator has analyzed Marguerite from the perspective of female space.Space theory, a new literary theory in the second half of the 20th century, provides a new theoretical perspective for literary research.In production of Space, Lefeivoll mentioned that space is a place where social relations and social order can be derived, which can be divided into material space, spiritual space and social space.Social space is a special social product, a container of social relations, and a place where social relations and social forces are intertwined.Social space includes social relations and endows them with suitable places.Therefore, the relationship between men and women, as part of social relations, divides social space into male space, transitional space and female space. Marguerite in "South and North" is one of the elements of social relations.As a new woman, it reintegrates the social space and realizes the span of the female space.The leapfrogging of this kind of space embodies the reality of how the new women "go out" under the influence of the industrial revolution in the middle and later period of Victorian society, and realize the extension of the women's private space.From the perspective of female social space, this paper takes Margaret as an example to analyze the social space activities of women in the female private space, transitional space and male public space in the middle and late period of Victoria, as well as the images of women in different spaces.This paper discusses how women in the later period of the Industrial Revolution get rid of the traditional ideology of "male owner, female master", realize the leapfrogging from female private space to male public space, transform female social image, and obtain a greater social space.The leapfrogging of this social space reflects the growth of women under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, and also reflects the fact that women have gradually realized themselves and independence in the male public space.First of all, from Margaret's social activities in the private space, the family, we can see how she can take full advantage of the traditional feminine housework and take care of the whole Hale family.And replaced the father as the head of the family to make all the decisions for the family.Marguerite is the head of the family in the traditionally male-dominated private space.Secondly, from Margaret's social activities in transition space, she can see how she can find the path to public space by attending parties and charity, in the transition space between private space and public space.Finally, Marguerite began her activities in public space through the extension of private space and transitional space, as a protector of men and a mediator of class contradictions, and realized that women had truly broken the traditional division of social space.Towards the male public space.Therefore, on the whole, this paper argues that Margaret's life experience in the South and North shows the independent social reality of women in the middle and late Victorian period, and expresses Mrs. Gaskell's demand for women's rights.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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