《大瀑布》的自然主义主题解析

发布时间：2018-04-24 18:49

本文选题：美国自然主义文学 + 抗争　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨在当今文坛占有重要的一席之地,人们把她誉为当今的“女福克纳”。作为一个文学奇才,她游刃有余地运用了多种写作风格和创作手法,给读者提供了一系列经久不衰的文学作品。她是一位多产的作家,其作品的数量令人震惊,作品的质量更令人叹为观止。欧茨新颖的创作形式、多变的艺术风格及忠于现实的自然主义写作特点使其作品呈现出多样性和复杂性。出版于2004年的《大瀑布》是欧茨的一大力作。这部作品一出版便好评不断。《大瀑布》以女主人公阿莉亚的命运为主线,讲述了一个与爱、与命运抗争、与自然和社会有关的故事。欧茨的《大瀑布》主要反映中下层人的生活,揭示他们面临的困境,进而抨击美国社会对劣势人群的歧视和压迫。此外,《大瀑布》还是一部优秀的自然主义作品。欧茨凭借这部作品准确忠实地传达了人物的心理状态,以逼真的写作手法揭露了物欲横流的社会现实以及人们的命运。本文通过自然主义文学具备的特点来分析《大瀑布》的自然主义主题以及作者如何运用自然主义叙事策略深化主题,从而加深对作者创作思想的理解。本文由导论、正文、结论三部分组成。导论部分主要介绍了乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨及《大瀑布》,《大瀑布》的国内外研究现状,并提出本论文的研究方向及现实意义。第一章主要介绍了美国自然主义文学产生的背景,美国自然主义文学的特点,以及美国自然主义对欧茨创作的影响。美国自然主义虽然受到法国自然主义的影响,但由于其特殊的历史文化背景和民族特色,形成了自身独特的自然主义文学。欧茨借鉴自然主义文学特点的同时也结合了自己乐观的视野,形成了具有自己风格的自然主义。第二章主要分析了《大瀑布》的自然主义主题。本章分为三节,分别解析了小说人物的命运,抗争以及回归自然的主题。第一节主要分析了女主人公阿莉亚两任丈夫不可抗拒的命运。决定论是《大瀑布》自然主义特点的核心,其强调人的命运是由遗传和环境决定的,人类无法控制自身的命运。阿莉亚的两任丈夫吉尔伯特和德克虽然生前拥有不同的生命轨迹,但他们内在的遗传素质和身处的环境造成了他们相同的命运悲剧。第二节主要分析阿莉亚相信命运却又抗拒命运的主题。自然主义作品通常持有悲观宿命论调,但欧茨在《大瀑布》中赋予人物一定的自由意志,一方面强调遗传和环境对人性格和命运的深刻影响,另一方面指出人的意志也一直在与命运作抗争。阿莉亚在第一任丈夫死后就认为自己遭到了诅咒,在生活中一直持有宿命论,但在遭受命运的折磨后,她依然选择英勇的抗争,努力追求自我,追求自由。最终她改变了自己的命运,赢得了人们的尊重。第三节主要通过揭露人类对自然的破坏,自然对人类的报复以及当时社会官官相护,腐败至极的现象流露出回归自然的思想倾向。作者呼吁通过回归自然来回归真善美。第三章主要分析了欧茨如何运用自然主义叙事策略深化《大瀑布》的自然主义主题。自然主义文学强调真实论,而这种真实感表现在叙述策略上是作者采用“非个人叙事”的手法和空间的叙事特征来表现的。这些叙事策略的运用淋漓尽致地表现了人与社会,命运抗争的痛苦和无奈。此外,除了客观地描述真实的生活,自然主义文学叙事的魅力还在于自然意象的运用,引发读者的思考。“大瀑布”这一意象贯穿整篇小说,为故事提供了宏大的背景,并与人物的命运息息相关。“爱的运河”这一意象极具讽刺意味,实际是一条腐败堕落之河,灾难之河,在小说中起关键作用,与作者要表达的主题紧密相关。结论部分总结了以上叙述,再次重申了小说的自然主义主题及欧茨的创作思想。此外,还表达了欧茨对人类命运的思考及对自然和社会问题的深刻见解。最后,小说给予人们的思考与启示:在面对生活的种种磨难时,要勇于抗争,不向命运低头,才能实现人生价值;人们只有和大自然和谐相处,才能获得真正意义上的幸福;此外,包括我国在内的许多国家也存在小说中体现的社会发展模式及其所揭示的社会腐败现象,小说具有较强的警示意义。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Ots has an important place in the contemporary literary world, and people regard her as the "female Faulkner". As a literary genius, she has been able to use various writing styles and creative techniques to provide readers with a series of enduring literary works. She is a prolific writer whose works The quantity is shocking and the quality of the work is more breathtaking. Oates's novel style of creation, the changeable artistic style and the characteristics of the naturalistic writing loyal to the reality show the diversity and complexity of his works. "Great Falls" published in 2004 is a great work of Oates. The hero, ariah, is the main line of the story of a love, a struggle against fate, a story related to nature and society. Oates's "great waterfall" mainly reflects the life of the middle and lower middle people, reveals the difficulties they face, and then criticize American Society for the discrimination and pressure on the disadvantaged. In addition, < Great Falls > or a good natural owner. By virtue of this work, Oates conveys the psychological state of the characters faithfully and faithfully, exposes the realistic social reality and the fate of people with realistic writing techniques. This paper analyzes the naturalistic theme of "Great Falls >" and how the author uses naturalistic narrative strategy through the characteristics of naturalism literature. This article is made up of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the current research situation at home and abroad of Joyce Carol Ots and "Great Falls >" and "Great Falls >", and puts forward the research direction and practical significance of this thesis. The first chapter mainly introduces American Naturalism. The background of learning, the characteristics of American naturalism and the influence of American Naturalism on the creation of Oates. Although American naturalism has been influenced by French naturalism, it has formed its own unique naturalistic literature because of its special historical and cultural background and national characteristics. Oates draws on the characteristics of naturalism. At the same time, it also combines his optimistic view and forms a naturalism with its own style. The second chapter mainly analyzes the theme of the naturalism of "great waterfall >". This chapter is divided into three sections, respectively analyzing the fate of the characters, the struggle and the theme of returning to nature, respectively. The first section mainly analyzes the irresistible of the two husband of the heroine, Arya, the heroine. Destiny. Determinism is the core of "great waterfall > naturalism", which emphasizes that human destiny is determined by heredity and environment. Human beings cannot control their own destiny. Gilbert and Dirk, the two husbands of Arya, have different life trajectories in their life, but their inherent genetic qualities and their environment cause them. The tragedy of the same fate. The second section mainly analyzes the theme that Arya believes in fate but resists fate. The naturalistic works usually hold a pessimistic and fatalistic argument, but Oates gives a certain free will to the characters in the Great Falls. On the one hand, it emphasizes the profound influence of heredity and environment on human character and fate, on the other hand, the will of people is also pointed out. After her first husband died, aliya thought he had been cursed and held a fatalism in his life. But after suffering a fate, she still chose heroic struggle, sought self and pursued freedom. Finally, she changed her fate and won the respect of the people. The third section was mainly through. The third chapter mainly analyzes how Oates uses naturalistic narrative strategy to deepen the naturalist master of "Great Falls >" by using naturalistic narrative strategy. The naturalist literature emphasizes the theory of reality, which is expressed in the narrative strategy by the author's means of "non personal narration" and the narrative features of space. The use of these narrative strategies vividly shows the pain and helplessness of the struggle between man and society, and the struggle of fate. Besides, it is an objective description of the real life. The charm of the narrative of naturalistic literature lies in the use of natural imagery, which leads to the thinking of the readers. The image of "great waterfall" runs through the whole novel, which provides a grand background for the story and is closely related to the fate of the characters. The image of "the canal of love" is very ironic, a river of corruption and disastrous River, and a river of disaster. It plays a key role in the novel and is closely related to the theme to be expressed by the author. The conclusion part summarizes the above narration, reiterates the naturalistic theme of the novel and Oates's creative thought. In addition, it also expresses Oates's thinking on human destiny and his profound views on the natural and social problems. Finally, the novel gives people the thinking and the thinking of the novel. Enlightenment: in the face of the various hardships of life, we should be brave to fight and do not bow to fate to realize the value of life. Only when people live in harmony with nature can we get a real happiness. In addition, many countries, including our country, also have the social development model and the social corruption revealed in the novel, as well. The novel has a strong warning significance.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074

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