默多克小说中“隐性师者”模式与道德主题的阐释

发布时间：2018-04-26 13:35

本文选题：艾丽丝·默多克 + 隐性师者　；参考：《吉林师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：艾丽丝·默多克（Iris Murdoch,1919-1999）被誉为二十世纪下半叶英国最杰出的小说家、哲学家。在四十余年的写作生涯当中，默多克一共创作了二十六部小说、四部哲学著作以及一系列的戏剧和诗歌。这些作品都充分体现了默多克的卓越的艺术才华和杰出的创造力。作为一名当代女性小说家，默多克的关注视角和写作领域没有受到性别的局限而沉浸在女性身份认同和自我书写中，而是更多地关注针对全人类社会都至关重要的道德问题。在默多克的很多小说当中，她都喜欢将故事性极强的文学叙事和严肃的伦理学思想相结合，并把小说作为用来阐释自己伦理思想的一种工具。默多克的伦理学思想无疑受到了她的精神导师柏拉图的强烈影响，因此柏拉图的伦理学观点在默多克的作品中有着丰富而深刻的体现。 “善”是艾丽丝·默多克始终追求的终极光源，也是默多克的道德哲学的核心概念。人会陷入各种迷惑和臆想以至过分沉溺于自我，迷失方向，默多克通过她的作品揭示：只有走出“迷惑”，经历适度的“关注”最终才有可能走向“善的真实”。本文通过默多克的两部小说《沙堡》和《好与善》为研究文本来探讨默多克的道德主题，在阐释默多克善的道德主题的同时引入一个在默多克小说中普遍存在但常被忽略的人物形象——“隐性师者”，即隐性存在的师者形象。这里的“师者”不指向职业，，而是特指在“求善”道路上他们扮演的角色。如何理解“隐性师者”形象、师者这种“隐性”的存在以怎样的方式引导着小说中的其他迷惑者走出“迷惑”、走向“善的真实”以及由此揭示出了默多克本人关于道德的思考将成为本文的研究目标。论文包括介绍、主体和总结。第一章介绍主要分为四个部分：艾丽丝·默多克的主要的文学成就、默多克作为哲学家和小说家的双重身份、本论文所要研究的两部作品的简介以及国内外默多克的研究现状。第二章主要介绍本文的理论支撑与默多克的观点之间的内在联系。弗洛伊德人格三重结构说和柏拉图主义对默多克的作品的创作有着极大影响。柏拉图主义在在默多克作品中无处不见，柏拉图作为默多克的精神导师，默多克的创作在很大程度上得益于柏拉图的理念，尤其是柏拉图关于“善的理念”和“洞喻”理论。在接受柏拉图观点的同时，默多克也以自己的独到理解方式重写了柏拉图的“洞喻”理论并在其作品中传达出对“善的理念”的思考。第三章的重点在于“隐性师者”模式的提出并探究默多克对于“隐性师者”模式的偏爱以及“隐性师者”模式在默多克两部小说中的体现。这里师者形象并不指向职业，而是独指他们在“求善”之旅中的不可替代的作用。正是这些次要的，被忽视的形象成为了默多克笔下“善的真实”的概念。第四章探讨默多克小说中的道德主题并重点探讨默多克的道德主题的主线即走出“迷惑”,经历充满爱的“关注”，最终才有可能走向“善的真实”。在求“善”的朝圣之旅中，扼杀“自我”是一个必要条件，从“自我”到“去自我”然后才有可能看见真实。第五章将“隐性师者”与道德主题联系起来，探讨“隐性师者”与“善”之间的不可分割的关系。师者身上承载着双重压力，一方面来自于对他人的引导向“善”，一方面来自自身对“善”的坚持不懈的追求。默多克借师者之口传达出对“善”的诠释。通过以上分析，第六章结论部分对柏拉图“善的理念”和“洞喻”理论在小说中的体现，“隐性师者”模式在默多克这两部小说中的体现以及师者如何引导小说中的迷惑者走出“迷惑”经历“关注”并坚定不移的追寻着“善”的光芒的求善之旅进行总结，同时，默多克也借师者之口传达出关于道德主题的思考。
[Abstract]:Alice Murdoch (Iris Murdoch, 1919-1999) is known as the most outstanding novelist and philosopher of Britain in the second half of the twentieth Century. During his more than forty years of writing career, Murdoch created twenty-six novels, four philosophical works and a series of dramas and poems. These works fully reflect Murdoch's excellent art. As a contemporary female novelist, as a contemporary female novelist, Murdoch's attention and writing field are not limited to gender and are immersed in female identity and self writing, but more concerned with moral questions that are essential to the whole human society. In many of Murdoch's novels, she likes Combining the highly storytelling literary narrative with the serious ethical thought and taking the novel as a tool to explain his own ethical thoughts, Murdoch's ethical thought has undoubtedly been strongly influenced by her spiritual tutor, Platon, so Platon's ethics point is rich and profound in Murdoch's works. The embodiment of it.
"Good" is the ultimate source of Alice Murdoch's pursuit, and is also the core concept of Murdoch's moral philosophy. People will fall into a variety of confusion and speculation and even overindulge themselves and lose their direction. Through her works, Murdoch reveals that only out of "confusion" and moderate "concern" will eventually lead to "good". This article explores the moral theme of Murdoch through the two novels of Murdoch's novels < sand castle > and < good and good > for the study of the moral theme of Murdoch's good morality and introduces a figure that is common but often overlooked in Murdoch's novel, the invisible teacher, which is the invisible teacher. The "teacher" does not point to the profession, but specifically refers to the role they play on the road to "seeking good". How to understand the image of the "recessive teacher", and how to guide the other puzzles in the novel out of "confusion" and "the truth of good" as well as the revelation of Murdoch himself Thinking about morality will become the research goal of this paper.
The paper includes the introduction, the main body and the summary.
The first chapter is mainly divided into four parts: the main literary achievements of Alice Murdoch, the dual identity of Murdoch as a philosopher and novelist, the introduction of the two works to be studied in this paper, and the research status of Murdoch at home and abroad.
The second chapter mainly introduces the inner connection between the theoretical support of this article and Murdoch's views. The three structure of the personality of Freud's personality and the creation of Platon's doctrine have great influence on the creation of Murdoch's works. Platon is nowhere to be seen in the works of Murdoch, and Platon is the spiritual mentor of Murdoch. To a great extent, Platon's ideas are benefited, especially Platon's theory of "good idea" and "cave metaphor". While accepting Platon's viewpoint, Murdoch rewrites Platon's theory of "cave metaphor" in his own unique way of understanding and conveys the thought of "good idea" in his works.
The third chapter focuses on the "recessive teacher" model and explores Murdoch's preference for the "recessive teacher" model and the embodiment of the "recessive teacher" model in Murdoch's two novels. The image of the teacher does not point to the profession, but only refers to the irreplaceable role of the teacher in the journey of "seeking good". The secondary and neglected image has become the concept of "good truth" written by Murdoch.
The fourth chapter discusses the moral theme in Murdoch's novels and focuses on the main thread of Murdoch's moral theme, that is, to go out of "confusing", and to experience the "concern" of love. In the end, it is possible to move towards "the truth of good". In the journey of seeking "good", the killing of "ego" is a necessary condition, from "self" to "self". And then it's possible to see the truth.
The fifth chapter links the "recessive teacher" with the moral theme to discuss the inseparable relationship between the "recessive teacher" and the "good". The teacher is carrying double pressure, on the one hand, from the guidance of others to "good". On the one hand, it comes from the unremitting pursuit of "good" by himself. Murdoch conveys the teacher's mouth. An interpretation of "good".
Through the above analysis, the sixth chapter concludes the embodiment of Platon's "good idea" and "cave metaphor" theory in the novel, the embodiment of "recessive teacher" model in the two novels and how the teachers guide the puzzles in the novel to go out of "confusing" experience and pursue the light of "good" unswervingly. The summary of Murdoch's quest for goodness is at the same time. At the same time, he also conveys the moral theme through the mouth of the teacher.

【学位授予单位】：吉林师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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