“监护人”的焦虑：赛珍珠作品中的成长模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 18:58

本文选题：赛珍珠 + 儿童文学作品　；参考：《南京师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：赛珍珠非常擅长表征异域文化。她凭借与众不同的写作素材、创作手法和思想内涵,从一个默默无闻的传教士之女成长为一位受人瞩目的作家,并在中美文化交流史上留下了不可小觑的一笔。然而,“中国通”或“沟通东西方文明的人桥”这样的标签并不能完全涵盖赛珍珠复杂的心理图式。因此,本文从分析赛珍珠作品中的成长模式入手,挖掘出作者的创作意图、创作手法、文化立场以及它们背后的成因,以期更好地汲取赛珍珠的智慧,利用好这笔文化资源。导言着重论述了迄今为止的国内外赛珍珠研究所取得的成果,以及今后的研究趋势；此外,导言阐明了本论文的研究主旨、学术意义和研究思路。正文分为三章。第一章主要从儿童文学的三大母题角度切入,将赛珍珠的所有儿童文学作品归为两类：第一类作品体现了爱的母题；第二类作品体现了自然的母题。顽童的母题在其创作中的缺失归因于她以教育为主导的儿童观、独特的童年经验以及中西文化影响。赛珍珠为小读者写下的作品总是带有大团圆的结局,这体现了她慈母般呵护儿童快乐成长的心态。第二章力图剖析赛珍珠成人文学作品中的成长模式。赛珍珠以其丰富的阅历为创作源泉,为读者展示了多国男女的成长轨迹。赛珍珠的作品大多带有乐观主义倾向,因为她笔下的成长者或许暂时逃不出环境的束缚,但他们绝不会受到宿命论的摆布。赛珍珠眼中理想的成长者们总是自力更生、善于思辨、勇于奋斗的人物,他们能积极地与世界产生互动,并实现有价值的存在。这样套路化的人物形象加上她说教般的语言,恰恰反映出赛珍珠对成长者所处阴暗环境的深切担忧。第三章全面梳理了赛珍珠非小说作品中的成长模式。赛珍珠对现实生活中的智障儿、孤儿以及青年男女的成长之路给予了高度关注。她认为：人们对于智障儿的态度关系到一种文明的高度；美国人对混血孤儿负有不可推卸的责任；从娃娃抓起的两性教育才能保障两性之间的和谐。赛珍珠的非小说反映了作者的三个身份：一个智障儿的母亲、一群弱势群体的庇护者以及青年男女的教导者,这三个身份无一不体现出赛珍珠身上白发的责任心与爱心。结语部分将赛珍珠定位为“监护人”的角色。一方面,她展现出“监护人”破坏性的一面：在深刻把握不同文化的同时,能批判它们的文化缺陷,以期警示成长者保持清醒的头脑；另一方面,她又表露出“监护人”保卫与创造性的一面：在为不同文化的优点辩护的同时,将年轻的美国社会视为其理想的教育对象。赛珍珠通过作品向读者证明：天下之事只不过生老病死的成长规律,只要匡正、建设好美国人的“国民性”,那么引领其他民族健康、快乐成长的曙光就在不远处。笔者试图指出：赛珍珠“监护人”的姿态容易让她不自觉地陷入她所反对的文化优越感的怪圈,但历史应该记住她善良的本意。
[Abstract]:Pearl Buck is very good at characterizing foreign culture. By virtue of her distinctive writing material, creative techniques and ideological content, she has grown from an obscure missionary's daughter into a famous writer, and has left a little underestimate in the history of Chinese and American cultural exchanges. However, "China" or "people who communicate with eastern and Western Civilizations" This kind of label does not completely cover the complex psychological schema of Pearl S. Buck. Therefore, this paper, starting with the analysis of the growth pattern of Pearl Buck's works, excavates the author's creative intention, creative techniques, cultural standpoint and the causes behind them, in order to better draw the wisdom of Pearl Buck and make use of this cultural resource. This paper expounds the achievements made by Pearl S. Buck Research Institute at home and abroad and the trend of the future research. In addition, the introduction explains the main purpose, academic significance and research ideas of this thesis. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is mainly from the angle of the three main motif of children's literature, and all children's literary works of Pearl S. Buck are classified as two. Category 1: the first type of work embodies the motif of love; the second types of works reflect the motif of nature. The lack of the motif of the naughty child is attributable to her education oriented view of children, the unique childhood experience and the influence of Chinese and Western culture. The second chapter tries to analyze the growth pattern of the children's happy growth. It tries to analyze the growth pattern in Pearl S. Buck's adult literature. Pearl Buck, with his rich experience as the source of creation, shows the growth track of many countries and men and women. Most of her works are optimistic, because the growers of her writing may not escape the ring for the time being. The bondage of the realm, but they will never be put to the mercy of fatalism. The ideal growers in the eyes of Pearl Buck are always self reliant, good at thinking, and brave in the struggle, they can actively interact with the world and achieve valuable existence. A deep concern for the dark environment of the grower. The third chapter comprehensively combs the growth pattern in Pearl Buck's non fiction. Pearl Buck has paid great attention to the growth of mentally retarded children, orphans and young men and women in real life. There is an unshirkable responsibility for the mixed orphan; the gender education that is captured from the doll can guarantee the harmony between the sexes. The non fiction of Pearl S. Buck reflects the author's three identities: a mother of a mentally retarded child, a asylum of a group of vulnerable groups, and the instructor of young men and women, none of these three identities reflect the white of Pearl S. On the one hand, she shows the "Guardian" role of guardian. On the one hand, she shows the destructive side of the guardian: he can criticize their cultural defects while deeply grasping different cultures, in order to warn the growers to keep their sober head; on the other hand, she shows the "Guardian". Defending and creative side: while defending the merits of different cultures, the young American society is regarded as the ideal object of education. The dawn of happy growth is not far away. I try to point out that Pearl S. Buck's "Guardian" gesture is easy to let her involuntarily fall into the circle of cultural superiority that she objected to, but history should remember her good intentions.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.078

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