《永别了，武器》中的动物原型分析

发布时间：2018-06-04 19:58

本文选题：《永别了 + 武器》　；参考：《燕山大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：海明威，，美国记者和作家，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。他的代表作有《老人与海》、《永别了，武器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》等。凭借《老人与海》获得了1953年普利策奖及1954年诺贝尔文学奖。他的写作风格以简洁著称，对美国文学及二十世纪文学的发展有深远的影响。他提出著名的“冰山”理论，认为作者只应描写“冰山”露出水面的部分，水下的部分应该通过文本的提示让读者去想像补充。所以他的作品的深刻内涵值得解读。《永别了，武器》中小说的主人公亨利是个美国青年，他自愿来到意大利战场参战。在负伤期间，他爱上了英籍女护士凯瑟琳。最后因为战争期间颠沛流离的生活，凯瑟琳死于难产，婴儿也窒息而亡，亨利一个人被孤独的留在世界上，悲痛欲绝。小说在战争的背景下描写了他们之间的爱情，深刻地指出了他们的幸福和爱情被战争推向了毁灭的深渊。原型批评是二十世纪五、六十年代流行于西方的一个十分重要的批评流派。加拿大学者弗莱在《批评的剖析》中系统阐述了该理论。它注重研究文学传统，认为文学是移位的神话,试图发现文学作品中反复出现的各种意象、叙事结构、人物类型和主题，找出它们的规律。《永别了，武器》中出现了很多对动物的描写，比如马和燕子。本文主要运用了原型批评中关于象征的理论，结合文本,解读动物原型的象征意义，以及对整部小说的作用。采用了文本细读、定性分析和定量分析的方法。通过从童话、寓言等相关文学作品中追溯这两种动物原型历来在文学作品中的象征意义，作者发现小说中对这两种动物的描写起到了烘托主题的作用。马以及马车是主人公在战争中颠沛流离生活的写照。而燕子则是美好生活的象征，他们为了未来而努力挣扎，似乎平静的生活就在眼前可是最后还是失败了。透过这两种动物我们可以了解到战争给人们带来的巨大灾难，从这一新的视角了解海明威的反战主题。
[Abstract]:Hemingway, an American journalist and writer, is considered one of the most famous novelists of the 20 th century. His masterpieces include the Old Man and the Sea, Farewell, Arms, and who tolls the Bell. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 for the Old Man and the Sea. His writing style is famous for brevity and has a profound influence on the development of American literature and 20th century literature. He put forward the famous "iceberg" theory that the author should only describe the exposed part of the "iceberg", and the underwater part should let the reader imagine the supplement through the hint of the text. So the profound meaning of his work is worth unscrambling. The protagonist Henry in Arms is an American young man who volunteered to fight in Italy. During his injury, he fell in love with Catherine, a British nurse. Finally, because of the vagrant life during the war, Catherine died in childbirth, the baby was suffocated and Henry was left alone in the world. The novel depicts their love in the background of war and points out that their happiness and love were pushed to the abyss of destruction by the war. Archetypal criticism is a very important school of criticism popular in the West in the 1950s and 1960s. The Canadian scholar Frye has systematically expounded the theory in Anatomy of criticism. It focuses on the study of literary traditions, holds that literature is a myth of displacement, and tries to find out the recurring images, narrative structures, types and themes of characters in literary works, and find out their laws. < Farewell, There are many descriptions of animals in weapons, such as horses and swallows. This paper mainly uses the theory of symbolism in archetypal criticism, combined with the text, to interpret the symbolic meaning of animal archetype and its effect on the whole novel. The methods of text reading, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are adopted. By tracing the symbolism of these two animal archetypes in literary works, such as fairy tales, fables and other related literary works, the author finds that the description of the two animals in the novel plays a role in setting off the theme. Horses and carriages are the portrayal of the protagonist's wandering life during the war. Swallow is a symbol of a good life, they struggle for the future, it seems that the peace of life is in sight, but finally failed. Through these two animals, we can understand the great disaster caused by war, and understand Hemingway's anti-war theme from this new perspective.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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