阿尔比戏剧文本中的叙事视角研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 23:21

本文选题：爱德华·阿尔比 + 热奈特　；参考：《南昌航空大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：爱德华·阿尔比是美国剧坛的最有影响力的剧作家之一，三次普利策戏剧奖和一次诺贝尔文学奖的获得者。西方学者对他的研究始于20世纪60年代，他在美国戏剧史仍至世界戏剧史上的地位和评价都是很高，他的创作在主题和风格上都受到欧洲荒诞戏剧的影响。阿尔比深刻揭露了社会现实中的丑恶现象。在《沙箱》中，作者一方面表现了人在广袤无垠的宇宙中的渺小以及生命的无意义，，一方面义愤填膺的抨击了美国社会的弊病，反映了不能自食其力的老人被子女们当作累赘抛弃的悲剧。在《美国梦》、《谁害怕弗吉尼亚伍尔夫？》等戏剧中，也存在这种社会批评的倾向。阿尔比的许多作品，虽然都是从社会现象出发，但是他喜欢超脱社会批评而表现一种人类的“共同的痛苦”。他还喜欢在一个封闭狭小的范围里将他在许多独幕剧中所关心的问题集中表现出来：家庭的解体，婚姻的脆弱，文化的贫化，人类的困境等，这一点正是阿尔比不同于欧洲荒诞派剧作家的地方。本论文主要选取阿尔比早期四部代表作品——1958），《美国梦》（1960），《弗吉尼亚伍尔夫？》（1960），并且运用叙事视角理论来分析在不同的视角下叙事视角作为叙事技巧的一个重要方面，在很多方面都起着重要的作用，也受到了很多学者的关注。热奈特的视角理论主要分为三个部分：外聚焦叙述，内聚焦叙述和零聚焦叙述。外聚焦即叙述者站在不知情的角度，从外部来进行描述述者知道的亚伍尔夫？》和《沙箱》中挑选适合本课题理论研究的一些语料。再次，收集整理之后的分析研究；在叙述视角理论下，探讨视角理论在阿尔比戏剧中的运用。本文尝试运用热奈特的叙述视角理论，对阿尔比早期的四部作品所体现的叙剧开创了美国荒诞派戏剧的先河，拉开了美国荒诞派戏剧的序幕。它完全具备了明显的荒诞派戏剧的特征：荒诞的情节，荒诞的人物和荒诞的语言，这些都体现了荒诞这一主题。其后的《沙箱》是为了纪念姥姥而作的最短的一部独幕剧。它也被认为是一部典型的荒诞派戏剧，同时带有强烈的美国特色。《美国梦》中暴露了现代美国家庭中所存在的矛盾和危机，它成功地刻画了美国中下层普通人的那种孤独，异化和绝望的情绪。最后一部是《谁害怕弗吉尼亚伍尔夫?》，是阿尔比最著名和最有影响力的剧作。本论文通过运用热奈特提出的视角理论分析了阿尔比戏剧文本中所运用的多样的叙述视角，尝试揭示四部作品采用不同视角所产生的效果。希望能使人们对阿尔比的戏剧有更深入的了解，也希望此研究能给未来的阿尔比戏剧研究提供线索和新的视角。
[Abstract]:Edward Arbi is one of the most influential playwrights in American dramas and the winner of three Pulitzer Prize for Drama and one Nobel Prize for Literature. The western scholars began to study him in the 1960s. His position and evaluation in the history of American drama and the history of world drama are very high. His creation is influenced by the theme and style of European absurd drama. Arbi deeply exposed the ugly phenomenon in the social reality. In Sandbox, the author, on the one hand, shows the insignificance of man in the vast universe and the senseless meaning of life, on the other hand, indignantly criticizes the ills of American society. It reflects the tragedy of the elderly who cannot support themselves being abandoned by their children as a burden. In the American Dream, who is afraid of Virginia Woolf? there is a tendency for social criticism. Many of Arbi's works are based on social phenomena, but he likes to transcend social criticism and express a common human suffering. He also likes to focus on his concerns in many one-act dramas in a narrow and closed space: the disintegration of the family, the fragility of marriage, the impoverishment of culture, the plight of human beings, etc. This is where Arbi differs from a European absurd playwright. This thesis mainly selects four early representative works of Arbi 1958- "American Dream" (1960), "Virginia Woolf?" (1960), and uses the theory of narrative perspective to analyze the narrative perspective as an important aspect of narrative techniques in different perspectives. It plays an important role in many aspects and has been concerned by many scholars. Genett's perspective theory is divided into three parts: external focus narrative, internal focus narrative and zero focus narrative. The external focus is that the narrator, from an uninformed point of view, chooses from the outside the language materials suitable for the theoretical study of this subject in the description of Avulf > and sandbox that the narrator knows. Thirdly, after collecting and arranging, the author discusses the application of perspective theory in Arbi drama under narrative perspective theory. This paper tries to use Genett's narrative perspective theory. The narrative drama embodied in Arbi's four early works opened the first stage of American absurd drama and the prelude of American absurd drama. It has the characteristics of obvious absurd drama: absurd plot, absurd characters and absurd language, all of which embody the theme of absurdity. Later Sandbox is the shortest one-act play in memory of Grandma. It is also considered a typical absurd drama with a strong American character. The American Dream exposes the contradictions and crises that exist in modern American families. It successfully portrays the loneliness of ordinary people in the lower and middle classes of the United States. Alienation and despair. The last one is who is afraid of Virginia Woolf?, which is Arbi's most famous and influential play. This paper analyzes the variety of narrative perspectives used in Arbi's plays by using the theory of perspective put forward by Genet. This paper attempts to reveal the effects of the four works from different perspectives. It is hoped that this study will give people a better understanding of Arbi's drama and provide clues and new perspectives for future Arbi drama research.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.073

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