《杀死一只反舌鸟》中的“反舌鸟”形象之存在主义解读

发布时间：2018-06-13 04:08

本文选题：哈伯·李 + 反舌鸟　；参考：《东北林业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《杀死一只反舌鸟》是美国南方女作家哈伯·李于1960年发表的唯一一部小说,次年即获得普利策奖。小说的两个主要事件也是小说的高潮部分通过主人公斯各特的观察和讲述,围绕神秘的邻居布·拉德利的隐居生活和黑人汤姆被冤枉的案子,展现了当时的社会背景,抨击了人性的自私、丑恶、愚昧、种族歧视和社会等级的虚伪,肯定了对无辜者的同情支持和对正义的坚持捍卫,就坚守人性的光辉与读者形成共鸣。从题目到情节发展再到人物对话,“反舌鸟”这一形象在小说中多次被提到,也充分体现了小说的精髓和主旨所在,因此在该书塑造的多个生动鲜活的人物形象中显得尤为重要。书中的“反舌鸟们”以不同的角色和生活方式存在于梅康姆镇,在面对生活变故的时候做出了自由选择,并且对自己的选择承担了相应的责任。通过运用存在主义对“反舌鸟们”的人性和命运的探究使这部小说的主题和意境得到了升华。本文主要从存在主义的三个基本原则,即“存在先于本质”,“世界是荒谬的,人生是痛苦的”,“自由选择”对“反舌鸟”们的生存方式、生存状况作以分析,并结合当时的社会背景、道德观念和复杂多变的人性,探讨其人物性格及导致其命运的原因。本文共分为引言、正文、参考文献等部分。引言部分介绍《杀死一只反舌鸟》的故事内容和作家生平,综述国内外研究现状,以及本论文的研究内容、意义和目的。正文部分包括四章：第一章总论部分对存在主义的历史渊源、基本观点、发展历程和代表人物进行梳理；第二章从存在主义的基本观点之一——“存在先于本质”对“反舌鸟”的生存状态和人们对其的评价(即“反舌鸟”的存在)逐一进行分析,得出“反舌鸟们”的共性(即“反舌鸟”的本质)：善良无辜却受到伤害,从而印证了存在先于本质的原则.本文列举的小说人物皆因符合这一特性而被归纳到“反舌鸟”的行列,紧扣小说主题的同时,也回答了为什么“射杀一只反舌鸟是一种罪恶”；第三章从“世界是荒谬的,人生是痛苦的”这一观点分析当时社会种族歧视的罪恶和反舌鸟们的遭遇,借以批判人性中的丑恶和由此给别人造成的痛苦,告诫人们应惩恶扬善,不要为愚昧所左右；第四章根据自由选择的观点分析反舌鸟们的命运,展现出面对荒诞的世界痛苦的人生,做出选择并承担随之而来的后果是无可抗拒的规律,即使不选择本身也是一种选择。总而言之,本文通过存在主义的视角分析《杀死一只反舌鸟》,旨在使读者从另一个角度对小说的思想性有新的认识,在领会作者创作意图的同时,领略作品独特的魅力。
[Abstract]:"Killing a anti tongue bird" is the only novel published by American Southern woman writer Haber Lee in 1960. The next year he won the Pulitzer prize. The two main events of the novel are also the climax of the novel by the protagonist Scott's observation and narration. The secret life of the secret neighbour Bbu La Dali and the black Tom were wronged. The case, showing the social background of the time, attacked the selfishness of human nature, ugliness, ignorance, racial discrimination and the hypocrisy of social rank, affirmed the sympathy for the innocent and the insistence on justice, and adhered to the splendor of human nature to resonate with the readers.
From the topic to the plot development to the character dialogue, the image of the "anti tongue bird" has been mentioned many times in the novel, and it also fully embodies the essence and purport of the novel, so it is particularly important in the vivid and vivid figures of the book. The "anti tongue bird" in the book exists Yu Mei with different roles and ways of life. Conm Town, in the face of life changes, made a free choice and took the corresponding responsibility for his choice. Through the exploration of the human nature and fate of the "anti tongue birds" by using existentialism, the theme and mood of the novel were sublimated.
This article is mainly from the three basic principles of existentialism, namely "existence before nature", "the world is absurd, life is painful", and "free choice" analyzes the existence and living conditions of the "anti tongue bird", and combines the social background, moral concept and complex and changeable human nature at the time to discuss its character and cause. The cause of its fate.
This article is divided into introduction, text, reference and other parts. The introduction introduces the story content and writer's life of "killing a anti tongue bird", summarizes the current research status at home and abroad, and the content, significance and purpose of this paper. The main body includes four chapters: the first chapter is the historical origin of existentialism, the basic viewpoint and the development calendar. The second chapter analyzes the existence of the "anti tongue bird" and the evaluation of the "anti tongue bird" one by one, one of the basic viewpoints of existentialism, "the existence before the essence" and the evaluation of the existence of the "anti tongue bird"), and draws a conclusion that the nature of the "anti tongue bird" (the essence of the "anti tongue bird") is that the innocent and innocent are subjected to the nature of the "anti tongue bird". In this article, the characters of this article are summed up to the ranks of the "anti tongue bird", as well as the question of why "shooting a anti tongue bird is a crime", and the third chapter from "the world is absurd, life is painful". To analyze the evil of racial discrimination and the encounter of the anti lingual birds at that time, to criticize the ugliness in human nature and the suffering caused to others, to warn people to punish the evil and not to be left and right for ignorance. The fourth chapter analyzes the fate of the anti tongue birds according to the view of free choice, and shows the life of the world suffering from the absurd world. It is an irresistible rule to choose and bear the consequent consequences, even if it is not a choice, it is also a choice.
In a word, this article analyzes the killing of a anti tongue bird from the perspective of existentialism, which aims to make readers have a new understanding of the thought of the novel from another angle, and to appreciate the unique charm of the works while understanding the author's creative intentions.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【相似文献】