“边境三部曲”中的生态意蕴
发布时间：2018-07-20 11:45
【摘要】：科马克·麦卡锡是美国当代著名的小说家，他的小说致力于描写美国和墨西哥边界中下层人民的生活经历及人生感受，受到广大读者的欢迎及评论界的盛誉，尤其以“边境三部曲”和《血色子午线》为代表的西部小说奠定了其在美国文坛上的大师级地位。“边境三部曲”包括《骏马》、《穿越》、和《平原上的城市》。三部曲的故事发生于二战前后的美国与墨西哥边境，小说中的人物经历了曾经以农牧业为主的美国西部小城向机械化工业时代的过渡与变迁。人们生活发生的改变，以及自然界随之而来的变化，都强有力的体现出人与自然关系不再和谐，人与人之间的关系也不再亲密无间，人自身的精神世界亦危机重重。牛仔们怀念田园牧歌式的生活，却无法抗拒工业文明带来的冲击。田园牧歌已成往事，工业发展势如破竹，而生态危机亦不容小觑。 生态批评是在生态环境破坏日益严重，生态危机日益恶化的大背景下产生的，以探讨文学乃至整个人类文化与自然之关系为宗旨的文学批评。近年来，随着环境问题的日趋严重和生态批评的快速发展，，以生态的眼光重新解读国内外经典名著，重新思考人与自然关系具有现实意义。本论文试从生态批评的视角，以“边境三部曲”为研究对象，结合生态批评家鲁枢元的三分法，即自然生态、社会生态和精神生态，从人与自然，人与人及人与自身三个方面探析小说中负载的作者对人类和自然关系，人类社会和人类自身精神发展的思考及其中蕴含的深刻的生态底蕴，以及对生态整体平等和谐共生的追寻，对回归自然的呼吁。 本论文由五章组成。 第一章引言部分对科马克·麦卡锡的生平和主要作品进行了简要介绍，并阐述了本论文的写作意义及论文结构。 第二章文献综述对国内外有关科马克·麦卡锡及其小说的研究状况进行了简单回顾及梳理。 第三章理论基础论述了生态文学批评理论的产生、发展及其主要思想。 第四章由三部分组成，分别从自然生态、社会生态和精神生态三方面分析了科马克·麦卡锡“边境三部曲”中体现出的生态意蕴。第一部分从这三部小说中随处可见的自然的美与不断出现的自然环境恶化所形成的鲜明对比，牛仔与马可歌可泣的关系以及比利与狼的可悲的故事中，探索人与自然关系和人类所面临的自然生态危机，更体现出麦卡锡对自然生态危机的忧患意识。第二部分通过通过工业文明带来的冲击、人与人之间的暴力、疏离的家庭关系等现代文明社会中的社会生态问题与人与人和谐的一面的强烈对比，探讨了科马克·麦卡锡对社会生态危机的关注，并指出了自然生态危机与社会生态危机之间的联系。第三部分通过小说中人物精神的迷失与主人公格雷迪和比利的精神成长之间的对比，更进一步分析了基于自然生态危机和社会生态危机下的精神生态问题，呼唤人们关注精神生态和谐，从而更好地促进自然生态与社会生态的重建。 第五章是论文的结论部分，对科马克·麦卡锡通过“边境三部曲”所体现出来的对生态危机，包括社会生态危机和精神生态危机的忧虑及思考进行了简单总结和概括。在他看来，尊重自然，爱护自然是与自然建立和谐关系的最好办法。而就解决社会生态危机和精神生态危机的最好办法也是爱。爱他人、爱自己是建立人与人及人与自我和谐关系的最佳手段。
[Abstract]:Cormack Macarthy is a famous American novelist. His novels are devoted to the life experience and life experience of the lower people in the border between the United States and Mexico. They are welcomed by the readers and the commentaries, especially in the western novels represented by the "Border Trilogy" and "the Blood Meridian". The "Border Trilogy" included "the trilogy" of the "horse", "traversing", and "the city on the plain". The story of the trilogy occurred on the border between the United States and Mexico before and after World War II. The characters in the novel experienced the transition and change of the western small cities of the United States, which were mainly agricultural and animal husbandry,. Change, as well as the changes that come with nature, strongly reflect the relationship between man and nature is no longer harmonious, the relationship between people is no longer intimate, and the spiritual world of the man is also in crisis. The Cowboys miss the pastoral life, but they can't resist the impact of the industrial civilization. The development is like a mess, and the ecological crisis can't be underestimated.
Ecocriticism is a literary criticism which is produced in the background of the increasingly serious ecological environment destruction and the worsening ecological crisis. In recent years, with the increasingly serious environmental problems and the rapid development of ecological criticism, the domestic and foreign classics are reinterpreted with the ecological perspective. It is of practical significance to rethink the relationship between man and nature. This paper tries to explore the load in the novel from the perspective of ecological criticism, taking the "trilogy" as the object of study, and combining the three points of the ecological critic Lu Shuyuan, that is, the natural ecology, the social ecology and the spiritual ecology, and from the three aspects of human and nature, man and man and themselves. People think about the relationship between human and nature, the thinking of human society and the development of human spirit, and the profound ecological implications, as well as the pursuit of the equal and harmonious symbiosis of the whole ecology, and the appeal to the return of nature.
This paper is composed of five chapters.
The first chapter introduces the life and main works of Cormack Macarthy briefly, and expounds the significance and the structure of the thesis.
The second chapter summarizes the research status of Cormack Macarthy and his novels both at home and abroad.
The third chapter discusses the emergence, development and main ideas of the theory of eco literary criticism.
The fourth chapter is composed of three parts. From three aspects of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, the author analyzes the ecological implications of the "Border Trilogy" of Cormack Mccarthy. The first part is a sharp contrast between the natural beauty and the continuous deterioration of natural environment from the three novels, the cowboy and the horse. In the secorful relationship and the sad story of Billy and the wolf, the relationship between man and nature and the natural ecological crisis faced by human beings reflect Mccarthy's awareness of the crisis of natural ecology. The second part of modern civilization, such as the impact of the industrial civilization, the violence between people and people, the estranged family relationship and so on. The social ecological problems in the meeting and the strong contrast of human and human harmony, discussed Cormack Macarthy's attention to the social ecological crisis, and pointed out the relationship between the natural ecological crisis and the social ecological crisis. The third part, through the loss of the spirit of the characters in the novel, and the spiritual growth of the main man Grady and Billy. In contrast, it further analyzes the mental and ecological problems based on the natural ecological crisis and the social ecological crisis, and calls for people to pay attention to the harmony of the spirit and ecology so as to better promote the reconstruction of the natural ecology and the social ecology.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the thesis, which briefly summarizes and summarizes the concerns and thoughts about the ecological crisis, including the social ecological crisis and the spiritual ecological crisis, reflected by Cormack Macarthy's "trilogy of the border". In his view, the best way to establish a harmonious relationship with nature is to respect nature and love spontaneously. The best way to solve the social ecological crisis and the spiritual ecological crisis is love. Love others, love oneself is the best means to build a harmonious relationship between people and people and self.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2133410
[Abstract]:Cormack Macarthy is a famous American novelist. His novels are devoted to the life experience and life experience of the lower people in the border between the United States and Mexico. They are welcomed by the readers and the commentaries, especially in the western novels represented by the "Border Trilogy" and "the Blood Meridian". The "Border Trilogy" included "the trilogy" of the "horse", "traversing", and "the city on the plain". The story of the trilogy occurred on the border between the United States and Mexico before and after World War II. The characters in the novel experienced the transition and change of the western small cities of the United States, which were mainly agricultural and animal husbandry,. Change, as well as the changes that come with nature, strongly reflect the relationship between man and nature is no longer harmonious, the relationship between people is no longer intimate, and the spiritual world of the man is also in crisis. The Cowboys miss the pastoral life, but they can't resist the impact of the industrial civilization. The development is like a mess, and the ecological crisis can't be underestimated.
Ecocriticism is a literary criticism which is produced in the background of the increasingly serious ecological environment destruction and the worsening ecological crisis. In recent years, with the increasingly serious environmental problems and the rapid development of ecological criticism, the domestic and foreign classics are reinterpreted with the ecological perspective. It is of practical significance to rethink the relationship between man and nature. This paper tries to explore the load in the novel from the perspective of ecological criticism, taking the "trilogy" as the object of study, and combining the three points of the ecological critic Lu Shuyuan, that is, the natural ecology, the social ecology and the spiritual ecology, and from the three aspects of human and nature, man and man and themselves. People think about the relationship between human and nature, the thinking of human society and the development of human spirit, and the profound ecological implications, as well as the pursuit of the equal and harmonious symbiosis of the whole ecology, and the appeal to the return of nature.
This paper is composed of five chapters.
The first chapter introduces the life and main works of Cormack Macarthy briefly, and expounds the significance and the structure of the thesis.
The second chapter summarizes the research status of Cormack Macarthy and his novels both at home and abroad.
The third chapter discusses the emergence, development and main ideas of the theory of eco literary criticism.
The fourth chapter is composed of three parts. From three aspects of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, the author analyzes the ecological implications of the "Border Trilogy" of Cormack Mccarthy. The first part is a sharp contrast between the natural beauty and the continuous deterioration of natural environment from the three novels, the cowboy and the horse. In the secorful relationship and the sad story of Billy and the wolf, the relationship between man and nature and the natural ecological crisis faced by human beings reflect Mccarthy's awareness of the crisis of natural ecology. The second part of modern civilization, such as the impact of the industrial civilization, the violence between people and people, the estranged family relationship and so on. The social ecological problems in the meeting and the strong contrast of human and human harmony, discussed Cormack Macarthy's attention to the social ecological crisis, and pointed out the relationship between the natural ecological crisis and the social ecological crisis. The third part, through the loss of the spirit of the characters in the novel, and the spiritual growth of the main man Grady and Billy. In contrast, it further analyzes the mental and ecological problems based on the natural ecological crisis and the social ecological crisis, and calls for people to pay attention to the harmony of the spirit and ecology so as to better promote the reconstruction of the natural ecology and the social ecology.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the thesis, which briefly summarizes and summarizes the concerns and thoughts about the ecological crisis, including the social ecological crisis and the spiritual ecological crisis, reflected by Cormack Macarthy's "trilogy of the border". In his view, the best way to establish a harmonious relationship with nature is to respect nature and love spontaneously. The best way to solve the social ecological crisis and the spiritual ecological crisis is love. Love others, love oneself is the best means to build a harmonious relationship between people and people and self.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前4条
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2 杨靖;;科马克·麦卡锡及其“边境三部曲”[J];外国文学动态;2008年01期
3 裴亚莉;;美国西部影像与文字——论科马克·麦卡锡的小说和电影的关系[J];外国文学评论;2010年03期
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