马斯洛需求层次视角下《蝴蝶梦》中叙述者的心理成长历程
发布时间：2018-08-03 18:02
【摘要】：达芙妮·杜穆里埃(1907—1989)是英国20世纪英国著名的剧作家和小说家。她的创作生涯长达半个世纪,创作领域广泛,涵盖长篇、短片小说,剧本和传记等。因其作品充满了神秘、浪漫和悬疑色彩,她曾荣获美国神秘小说作家大师奖。《蝴蝶梦》是其经典作品,曾轰动文坛,成为当时英美两国最畅销小说。 由于小说主要描绘了两位性格迥异的女性,国内外学者大多从女性主义、男权社会来解读小说中的人物形象。在这些解读中,大部分学者赞美、支持吕蓓卡,而对小说中的“我”却表现出足够的同情和谴责。本文将在马斯洛需求层次理论视角下重新审视小说中的女主人公,探索她在不同的人生阶段所表现出的人生需求,以及在她不断地追求和努力地争取下,最终由羞涩、软弱和单纯转变为成熟、勇敢的新时代女性的心路历程。 本论文主要分为六个部分： 第一部分是引言。这一部分主要对作者达芙妮·杜穆里埃和她的作品《蝴蝶梦》进行了简单介绍,并对本论文的写作背景、研究目的和论文结构做了简单梳理。 第二部分是文献综述和理论框架。文献综述回顾了国内外学者对《蝴蝶梦》的相关研究。前期的研究主要从哥特式形象、悬疑手法、浪漫主义和女性主义角度出发,探讨达芙妮的写作技巧和小说中的吕蓓卡的真实性格特征,但是很少有人从心理学角度对小说中的女主人公进行解读。为了弥补这一空白,本文将依据需求层次理论,分析《蝴蝶梦》中的女主人公的心理成长历程。理论框架部分介绍了与本论文相关的马斯洛需求层次理论的概念和观点。本论文将从该理论出发,还原女主人公的真实形象。 第三部分主要运用马斯洛理论中的“缺失性需求”理论对女主人公的心理进行分析。“缺失性需求”即低层次需求,包括生理需求、安全需求、社交需求和尊重需求。本部分主要从安全需求、社交需求和尊重需求的角度,分析女主人公在不同的生活阶段和环境影响下所体现出的需求和欲望,从而探讨她是如何满足低一级的需求进而实现更高层次需求的。 第四部分根据马斯洛理论中的“自我实现需求”,解读女主人公实现该层次需求的推动力、阻碍和具体表现。基于上一部分分析的“缺失性需求”,本章节继而探讨女主人公是怎样实现其高层次需求的,以及实现该需求所遇到的阻碍。 第五部分主要分析了推动女主人公实现自我成长的动机。马斯洛需求理论中将动机分为“需要”因素和“刺激”因素,分别从内外两方面来刺激人的需求和欲望。本章节从这两个方面论述了促使女主人公战胜种种困难、完成自我实现的推动因素。 第六部分是论文的结论。本部分总结全文的研究过程和观点,阐释了本研究的意义和不足。根据马斯洛需求层次理论解读女主人公的真实形象,可见她并非是一个胆小、懦弱和可悲的女性,如同吕蓓卡一样,她也是在勇敢地追求自我,努力实现自我价值。小说中的女主公不断追求自我价值、克服种种困难达到自我实现的精神,在当今社会仍然值得借鉴和颂扬。
[Abstract]:Daphne Dumurie (1907 - 1989) is a British famous playwright and novelist in twentieth Century. Her creative career has lasted for half a century, with a wide range of creative fields, short stories, scripts, biographies and so on. Her works are full of mystery, romance and suspense. She has won the American mystery novel Master Award. < butterfly dream >. It was his classic work, which made a sensation in the literary world and became the best selling novel in Britain and America at that time.
Since the novel mainly depicts two disparate women, most scholars both at home and abroad interpret the characters in the novel from feminism and patriarchal society. In these interpretations, most scholars praise and support Rebecca, but they show enough sympathy and condemnation for "I" in the novel. This article will be in Maslow's demand level theory. From the angle of view, the heroine in the novel is re examined to explore the needs of her life in different stages of life, and in the pursuit of her constant pursuit and effort, the course of the brave new age women's heart course is finally transformed from shyness, weakness and simplicity to maturity.
This paper is divided into six parts:
The first part is the introduction. This part is a brief introduction to the author Daphne Dumurie and her works "butterfly dream", and a simple combing of the writing background, purpose and structure of the thesis.
The second part is the literature review and the theoretical framework. The literature review reviews the domestic and foreign scholars' related research on the "butterfly dream". The previous studies mainly from the Gothic image, suspense manipulation, romanticism and feminism, discussed the writing skills of Daphne and the real character of Rebecca in the novel, but few people have from the research. In order to make up the blank, in order to make up the blank, this paper will analyze the psychological growth process of the heroine in the "butterfly dream" based on the theory of demand level. The theoretical framework introduces the concept and viewpoint of Maslow's demand level theory related to this thesis. The true image of the original heroine.
The third part mainly uses the "lack of demand" theory in Maslow's theory to analyze the heroine's psychology. "Lack of demand" is a low level demand, including physiological needs, security needs, social needs and respect needs. This part mainly analyzes the heroine from the perspective of security needs, social needs and respect for the needs of the heroine. The needs and desires embodied in the different stages of life and environment are discussed, and how she meets the needs of the lower level and then to achieve a higher level of demand.
The fourth part, based on the "self realization needs" in Maslow's theory, interprets the driving force, hindrance and concrete performance of the heroine's realization of this level of demand. Based on the "lack of demand" in the last part of the analysis, this chapter then discusses how the heroine realizes its high-level needs and the obstacles to the realization of this requirement.
The fifth part mainly analyzes the motivation of promoting the heroine to realize self growth. Maslow's demand theory divides motivation into "need" and "stimulating" factors, and stimulates human needs and desires from both inside and outside two aspects. This chapter expounds the heroine's victory over all kinds of difficulties and accomplishing self realization from these two aspects. The driving force.
The sixth part is the conclusion of the paper. This part summarizes the research process and view of the full text, and explains the significance and deficiency of this study. According to Maslow's demand level theory, the true image of the heroine is interpreted. It can be seen that she is not a coward, cowardly and pathetic woman. Like Rebecca, she is also courageously seeking self. To realize self value, the female hero in the novel is constantly seeking self value and overcoming difficulties to achieve the spirit of self realization. In today's society, it is still worth learning and praising.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2162531
[Abstract]:Daphne Dumurie (1907 - 1989) is a British famous playwright and novelist in twentieth Century. Her creative career has lasted for half a century, with a wide range of creative fields, short stories, scripts, biographies and so on. Her works are full of mystery, romance and suspense. She has won the American mystery novel Master Award. < butterfly dream >. It was his classic work, which made a sensation in the literary world and became the best selling novel in Britain and America at that time.
Since the novel mainly depicts two disparate women, most scholars both at home and abroad interpret the characters in the novel from feminism and patriarchal society. In these interpretations, most scholars praise and support Rebecca, but they show enough sympathy and condemnation for "I" in the novel. This article will be in Maslow's demand level theory. From the angle of view, the heroine in the novel is re examined to explore the needs of her life in different stages of life, and in the pursuit of her constant pursuit and effort, the course of the brave new age women's heart course is finally transformed from shyness, weakness and simplicity to maturity.
This paper is divided into six parts:
The first part is the introduction. This part is a brief introduction to the author Daphne Dumurie and her works "butterfly dream", and a simple combing of the writing background, purpose and structure of the thesis.
The second part is the literature review and the theoretical framework. The literature review reviews the domestic and foreign scholars' related research on the "butterfly dream". The previous studies mainly from the Gothic image, suspense manipulation, romanticism and feminism, discussed the writing skills of Daphne and the real character of Rebecca in the novel, but few people have from the research. In order to make up the blank, in order to make up the blank, this paper will analyze the psychological growth process of the heroine in the "butterfly dream" based on the theory of demand level. The theoretical framework introduces the concept and viewpoint of Maslow's demand level theory related to this thesis. The true image of the original heroine.
The third part mainly uses the "lack of demand" theory in Maslow's theory to analyze the heroine's psychology. "Lack of demand" is a low level demand, including physiological needs, security needs, social needs and respect needs. This part mainly analyzes the heroine from the perspective of security needs, social needs and respect for the needs of the heroine. The needs and desires embodied in the different stages of life and environment are discussed, and how she meets the needs of the lower level and then to achieve a higher level of demand.
The fourth part, based on the "self realization needs" in Maslow's theory, interprets the driving force, hindrance and concrete performance of the heroine's realization of this level of demand. Based on the "lack of demand" in the last part of the analysis, this chapter then discusses how the heroine realizes its high-level needs and the obstacles to the realization of this requirement.
The fifth part mainly analyzes the motivation of promoting the heroine to realize self growth. Maslow's demand theory divides motivation into "need" and "stimulating" factors, and stimulates human needs and desires from both inside and outside two aspects. This chapter expounds the heroine's victory over all kinds of difficulties and accomplishing self realization from these two aspects. The driving force.
The sixth part is the conclusion of the paper. This part summarizes the research process and view of the full text, and explains the significance and deficiency of this study. According to Maslow's demand level theory, the true image of the heroine is interpreted. It can be seen that she is not a coward, cowardly and pathetic woman. Like Rebecca, she is also courageously seeking self. To realize self value, the female hero in the novel is constantly seeking self value and overcoming difficulties to achieve the spirit of self realization. In today's society, it is still worth learning and praising.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
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