俳句季语的文化内涵

发布时间：2018-08-26 10:42

【摘要】：俳句是由俳谐的发句发展而来的由十七个音节组成的短诗。俳句的名称最初出现于1663年由定清所编的《尾蝇集》中。明治二十年代中期，正冈子规发起了俳句革新运动，开始将发句称作俳句。一般说来，现在通常将明治之前的作品称之为俳谐，明治之后的近代作品称为俳句。在俳句中特别讲究自然和人的亲密接触。因此，在俳句当中自然的东西永远占据着最重要的位置，而这种自然的东西恰好就是季语。季语是连歌、俳谐、俳句当中表示季节的词汇，和季题、季词等等意思大致相同。季语在很久之前就已经存在了，在《万叶集》的第八第十卷里就可以看到有关季语的介绍，一直到明治时代随着俳句的独立创作开始，季语也成了十七音俳句中必不可少的固定形式。但是，季语并不是仅仅用来表示季节的词汇。作为和自古以来日本人的季节感以及与之密切相关的生活情趣有着亲密联系的词汇，季语可以很好的反映出俳句的诗情。也可以说季语是和歌诞生以来日本人的美意识在文学上集大成的产物。因此，季语在表示季节之外，还有表现日本文化方方面面的功能。首先，季语可以表现人心接触外部世界时，，触景生情，心为之所动而产生的“物哀”意识、包含了华丽，飘渺，哀情等感情的“幽玄”意识、包含闲寂，枯淡等情趣的“寂”意识等日本重要的美意识。其次，季语可以表示以强调尊重自然，主张简洁委婉的“禅宗”为代表的日本宗教意识。最后，季语还可以表示出日本人爱花恋月的风俗习惯。总之，季语不仅可以表示季节，还可以表示出日本人的美意识，宗教意识，风俗习惯等等日本文化的方方面面。
[Abstract]:Haiku is a short poem made up of seventeen syllables developed from the humorous utterances. Haiku first appeared in a collection of flies compiled by Ding Qing in 1663. In the mid-twenties of Meiji, Cheng launched a haiku revolution that began to call it haiku. Generally speaking, the preMeiji works are now generally called haiku, and the postMeiji modern works are called haiku. In haiku there is a particular emphasis on natural and human intimacy. As a result, natural things always occupy the most important place in haiku, and this natural thing happens to be season language. Season language is the same meaning as season question, season word and so on in Lian Song, Paiqu, haiku. Ji Yu already existed a long time ago. In the eighth and tenth volume of Wanye Ji, you can see the introduction of Ji Yu, which was introduced until the Meiji era, when the independent creation of haiku began. Ji Yu has also become an essential fixed form of 17-tone haiku. But season is not just a word for season. As a word closely related to Japanese seasonality and closely related life tastes, Ji Yu can well reflect the poetry of haiku. It can also be said that Ji Yu is the product of Japanese aesthetic consciousness in literature since the birth of Harmony. Therefore, Ji Yu has the function of expressing all aspects of Japanese culture in addition to the season. First of all, when people touch the outside world, Ji Yu can express the sense of "object mourning", which is produced by the heart being moved by it, and contains the "secluded" consciousness of feelings such as splendor, misty, sorrow and so on, including leisure and silence. Japan's important sense of beauty, such as the sensual sense of stillness. Secondly, Ji Yu can denote Japanese religious consciousness represented by emphasizing respect for nature and advocating concise and euphemistic Zen. Finally, Ji Yu can also show that the Japanese love flowers and moon customs. In a word, Ji Yu can not only represent the season, but also express the Japanese aesthetic consciousness, religious consciousness, customs and habits and other aspects of Japanese culture.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I313.072

【共引文献】