从基督教视角对《八月之光》的研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 08:18

【摘要】：作为二十世纪最杰出的美国文学家之一，威廉·福克纳一生共创作了十九部长篇小说、近百篇短篇小说、两部诗集和一些散文随笔，是一位高产的作家，并于1949年获得了诺贝尔文学奖，在世界文学史上占有重要的地位。 福克纳的文学作品以其晦涩难懂而著称。作为其中创作篇幅最长、也是最有争议的小说，《八月之光》自1932年出版以来，一直受到文学评论家和学者的广泛关注。但相比于福克纳的其他代表作，对于《八月之光》的相关研究还远远不够。前人对于该小说的研究多集中于对福克纳独特的文学创作风格和技巧的探讨，以及对种族歧视、女性地位和美国南方的没落等问题的关注，而从宗教文化背景这一视角进行的全面而系统的研究则较少。福克纳出生并成长于美国南方的“圣经地带”的一个传统的基督教家庭，其思想和文学创作不可避免地受到了基督教思想和文化的深刻影响，因此本论文试图结合文本，通过小说中体现的基督教传统这一视角切入来分析研究这一小说。 论文共分为五个章节。第一章引言简要介绍了福克纳的生活背景和他文学创作的艺术特色，随后概括介绍了小说《八月之光》的故事情节和主要人物，由于社会的不断发展和研究的持续深入，对《八月之光》的研究在不同时期侧重点各有不同，因此在本章最后对国内外不同阶段的相关研究分别进行了文献综述。第二章主要集中于对小说中圣经式人物,即对小说最主要的两个主人公乔·克里斯默斯和莉娜·格鲁夫的人物形象的研究，他们的故事构成了小说发展最主要的两条线索。通过对乔和耶稣的比较分析，可以发现二者有很多共同之处，福克纳将其设置为一个倒置的基督形象，并通过其悲剧一生和最终死亡来暗示乔扮演了人类替罪羊的角色；而莉娜在小说中则是圣母玛利亚的化身，她是光明和希望的象征，所到之处都为与其接触过的人带来了不同程度的积极影响和变化。第三章以善恶母题和漂泊母题等为例，研究了这些古老的基督教母题在基督教文化和《圣经》中的渊源，以及如何在小说中得以体现。第四章着重分析了小说中反复出现的基督教象征和意象，如光、十字架、水等，，探讨他们对于深化小说主题和思想的作用。最后一部分是论文结语，通过以上的分析，可以知道福克纳将基督教的传统和文化融入自己的艺术创作之中的目的，不是为了宣扬基督教教义，而是将其作为文学创作的一种手段来向读者传递自己的创作意图，揭露黑暗和罪恶，弘扬真善美。 福克纳将其一生都致力于探讨和揭露人性的冲突和斗争，对正义和光明的不懈追求，以及对美好人性和未来的向往和信心。他在诺贝尔奖获奖感言中曾表达了自己的创作观点，认为“存在于心灵深处的永恒真理，如爱情、荣誉、同情、自豪、怜悯之心和牺牲精神”是一名合格的作家应该密切关注和深入挖掘的内容。他的这一信念在《八月之光》中得到了充分体现，人类美德和人性善良的光辉与人类恶行和人性邪恶之间的对比和冲突被福克纳刻画得淋漓尽致。作为一个基督教人道主义者，福克纳运用基督教的故事来描绘人类的道德状况，并强调他对人类的信心并鼓励人们继续前行。福克纳的基督教用典并不是为了讽刺南方和那里的人们，而是为了展现人类的生存状况。人类对救赎有着强烈的渴望。通过他的作品可以看到他始终坚信人类会永存并会胜利。
[Abstract]:As one of the most outstanding American writers in the 20th century, William Faulkner wrote 19 novels, nearly 100 short stories, two poems and essays, a high-yielding writer and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949. It occupies an important position in the world literature history. An obscure literary work that is difficult to understand. As one of the longest and most controversial novels, the Light of August, since its publication in 1932, has been widely accepted by literary critics and scholars General attention. However, compared with other representatives of the Southern Song Dynasty, for the light of August of the novel, because of the continuous development of society. In the last part of this chapter, the study of light> August is different from that of August, so the research on different stages in the last chapter of this chapter The second chapter mainly focuses on the study of the characters of the Bible in the novel, namely, the characters of Joe Chrismes and Lina Grumf, the main two main characters of the novel, and their stories constitute the development of the novel. The main two clues. Through a comparative analysis of Joe and Jesus, we can find that there are much in common between them, and they are set up as an inverted Christ image, and by their tragic life and ultimate death, Joe plays a role. The role of a scapegoat; and Lina is the incarnation of the Virgin Mary in the novel, and she is the symbol of light and hope, and the place where they come into contact brings to a different degree In the third chapter, we study the origin of these ancient Christian problems in Christian culture and the Bible, as well as how to use them in the Christian culture and the Bible. Chapter 4 focuses on analyzing the symbols and images of Christianity, such as light, cross, water and so on. The last part is the conclusion of the thesis. Through the analysis above, it is possible to know how to integrate Christian tradition and culture into its artistic creation, not for the purpose of To promote the Christian doctrine, but to convey his creative intention to the reader as a means of literary creation, exposing the darkness and the crime. All his life is devoted to exploring and exposing the conflicts and struggles of human nature, the unremitting pursuit of justice and light, and the beauty of beauty Human nature and the desire and confidence of the future. In his Nobel Prize-winning speech, he expressed his creative point of view that the 鈥淭he eternal truth, such as love, honor, compassion, pride, compassion and sacrifice, that exist in the depths of the heart鈥

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