从凝视理论解读《螺丝在拧紧》中家庭女教师的形象
发布时间：2018-10-20 16:30
【摘要】：亨利·詹姆斯是19世纪美国现实主义小说家,詹姆斯的主要作品是小说,此外也写了许多文学评论、游记、传记和剧本。被一致认为是心理分析小说的开创者之一,他对人的行为的认识有独到之处,是20世纪小说的意识流写作技巧的先驱。《螺丝在拧紧》是其为数不多的一篇哥特小说,自出版以来一直广受争议。本文从福柯凝视理论的角度给予女教师全新的解释。本文共分为三章,第一章主要探讨了女教师作为观看客体的形象,首先,其作为女性的失声形象,主要表现在小说中的男性,无论是两位叙述者还是男主人,他们都从男性凝视的角度出发来打量家庭女教师,仅仅将女教师作为凝视的对象,欲望的客体,并未把家庭女教师当作与之对等的人来欣赏,而是男权社会中男性站在高位对女性作为下位者的一种俯看。在维多利亚时期的男权社会,即使男性的某些行为与道德相悖,自身仍能避开道德审判,并且在这一过程中社会的力量也会助其逃脱罪责与惩罚,在此,詹姆斯对这种社会现象的批判是次要的,其主要目的是启发人们对此进行思考与反思。第二章主要探讨了女教师作为观看主体的形象。家庭女教师虽然作为主体在观看,但是她的观看仍然带有浓重的被观看意识,这主要体现在两个方面:一,对庄园和两个孩子及格罗斯太太的观看体现出女教师男性目光下注视的自己,表现了女教师的他者地位,这不仅体现在女教师的社会地位上、经济上,而且还体现在思想上。第三章主要探讨了女教师的反凝视形象。女教师虽然处于众多的凝视目光之下,习惯于被观看、被凝视,但在这种凝视的目光下,女教师仍然部分保留了自我意识,这种自我主体性并未被社会完全湮没。本文通过福柯的凝视理论探讨了《螺丝在拧紧》中女教师的这一人物形象,发现女教师在凝视所带来的目光压力下所表现出的自我物化,虽然女教师经常处于被凝视的地位,但仍然部分保留了自我意识,从而揭示女教师这一人物形象自我主体性的复杂性,并且表现出詹姆斯作为男性作家对女性的关注及思考。
[Abstract]:Henry James was a 19 th-century American realistic novelist whose main work was fiction. He also wrote many literary reviews, travels, biographies and screenplays. Widely regarded as one of the pioneers of psychoanalytic novels, he has a unique understanding of human behavior and is a pioneer in stream-of-consciousness writing techniques in 20th century novels. "screws in tightening" is one of his few Gothic novels. There has been a lot of controversy since its publication. This paper gives a new explanation to female teachers from the perspective of Foucault's gaze theory. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the image of female teacher as the object of watching. Firstly, the female teacher's silent image is mainly manifested in the male in the novel, whether the two narrators or the male master. They all look at governess teachers from the angle of male gaze, only regard female teachers as the object of gaze, the object of desire, do not regard governess teachers as equivalent persons to appreciate. It is a kind of looking down to the female as the inferior in the patriarchal society. In Victorian patriarchal society, even when certain behaviors of men were contrary to morality, they were able to avoid moral judgment, and in the process social forces could help them escape from guilt and punishment. James' criticism of this social phenomenon is secondary, and its main purpose is to inspire people to think and reflect on it. The second chapter mainly discusses the image of female teachers as the subject of viewing. Although the governess is watching as the subject, she still has a strong sense of being watched, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, The view of the manor and the two children and Mrs. Gross reflects the female teacher and the male gaze, and the other status of the female teacher, which is not only reflected in the social status and economy of the female teacher, but also in the thought. The third chapter mainly discusses the female teacher's anti-gaze image. Although female teachers are under the gaze of many people, they are used to being watched and gazed at, but under the gaze of this kind of gaze, the female teachers still partially retain their self-consciousness, and this self-subjectivity has not been completely annihilated by the society. Based on Foucault's gaze theory, this paper discusses the figure of female teacher in screw tightening, and finds out that female teacher is self-materialized under the pressure of gaze, although female teacher is often in the position of being gazed at. However, the self-consciousness is still partially retained, thus revealing the complexity of self-subjectivity in the figure of female teacher, and showing James' concern and reflection on women as a male writer.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2283718
[Abstract]:Henry James was a 19 th-century American realistic novelist whose main work was fiction. He also wrote many literary reviews, travels, biographies and screenplays. Widely regarded as one of the pioneers of psychoanalytic novels, he has a unique understanding of human behavior and is a pioneer in stream-of-consciousness writing techniques in 20th century novels. "screws in tightening" is one of his few Gothic novels. There has been a lot of controversy since its publication. This paper gives a new explanation to female teachers from the perspective of Foucault's gaze theory. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the image of female teacher as the object of watching. Firstly, the female teacher's silent image is mainly manifested in the male in the novel, whether the two narrators or the male master. They all look at governess teachers from the angle of male gaze, only regard female teachers as the object of gaze, the object of desire, do not regard governess teachers as equivalent persons to appreciate. It is a kind of looking down to the female as the inferior in the patriarchal society. In Victorian patriarchal society, even when certain behaviors of men were contrary to morality, they were able to avoid moral judgment, and in the process social forces could help them escape from guilt and punishment. James' criticism of this social phenomenon is secondary, and its main purpose is to inspire people to think and reflect on it. The second chapter mainly discusses the image of female teachers as the subject of viewing. Although the governess is watching as the subject, she still has a strong sense of being watched, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, The view of the manor and the two children and Mrs. Gross reflects the female teacher and the male gaze, and the other status of the female teacher, which is not only reflected in the social status and economy of the female teacher, but also in the thought. The third chapter mainly discusses the female teacher's anti-gaze image. Although female teachers are under the gaze of many people, they are used to being watched and gazed at, but under the gaze of this kind of gaze, the female teachers still partially retain their self-consciousness, and this self-subjectivity has not been completely annihilated by the society. Based on Foucault's gaze theory, this paper discusses the figure of female teacher in screw tightening, and finds out that female teacher is self-materialized under the pressure of gaze, although female teacher is often in the position of being gazed at. However, the self-consciousness is still partially retained, thus revealing the complexity of self-subjectivity in the figure of female teacher, and showing James' concern and reflection on women as a male writer.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074
【参考文献】
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1 熊莉;;布莱庄园——一座等级制的顽固堡垒——马克思主义视角下的《螺丝在拧紧》[J];湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版);2013年06期
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 宇娜;詹姆斯笔下父权制度中女性人物的命运探究[D];黑龙江大学;2010年
2 李圣轩;论《螺丝在拧紧》的不确定性[D];河北师范大学;2010年
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