疯狂的人生：福柯疯癫理论视阈下《榆树下的欲望》
发布时间：2018-11-15 06:59
【摘要】：《榆树下的欲望》是“美国现代戏剧之父”尤金·奥尼尔的名作之一,是一个家庭伦理悲剧。老凯勃特虽然年事已高,但拥有一座漂亮农场的雄心不减,他健壮,独断,先后累死了两任妻子,让三个儿子做农场的免费苦力。他是农场上的“石头上帝”,是家中惟一的声音。他的第三任妻子爱碧自幼生活困顿,又经历了家庭和婚姻的不幸,三十五岁的她之所以嫁给七十多岁的老凯勃特也是迫于生计,她想以此占有农场。在一步步实现目标的过程中,她和继子伊本之间发生了乱伦,继而她对农场的占有欲被对纯洁爱情的渴望所代替,最终酿成了她亲手杀死自己刚出生不久婴儿的悲剧。伊本是凯勃特的小儿子,他也是一心想占有他认为应该属于已经过世的母亲的农场。在和继母爱碧争夺农场的过程中,他们之间却碰撞出了爱情的火花。 法国哲学家米歇尔·福柯在《疯癫与文明》一书中所提出的“疯癫”理论为我们理解这部剧作打开了一扇新的窗口。福柯认为“疯癫”是发生在人类身上的一种精神现象,和“理性”一起在人类身上共存。“理性”和“疯癫”这两种力量处于无休止的斗争之中,而斗争的结果往往给人类带来悲剧。 福柯把疯癫划分为三种主要类型：狂妄自大的疯癫、正义惩罚的疯癫和绝望情欲的疯癫。从《榆树下的欲望》的剧情发展来判断,剧中三个主人公凯勃特、爱碧和伊本的行为都违背常理,都是疯癫的表现。他们的疯癫行为分别对应了福柯提出的这三种疯癫类型。通过分析主人公的不同疯癫表现,论文得出结论：既然人类身上存在着理性和疯癫两种感情,在我们面临诱惑时,应该尽力让理性主导我们的判断；否则,相似的悲剧就不可避免。 论文共分序言、四个章节和结语几个部分。 序言简要介绍了剧作家奥尼尔和剧本《榆树下的欲望》的国内外研究现状,最后指出论文的研究目的和意义。 第一章是对福柯疯癫理论的简单介绍,重点阐述了福柯对疯癫的三种主要形式的划分及其含义。 第二章分析老凯勃特狂妄自大的疯癫。他健壮、刻薄、目中无人,是农场的“石头上帝”和家中惟一的声音。 第三章分析爱碧正义惩罚的疯癫。为了占有农场,她与继子发生了乱伦并继而产生了真情,这都会给她带来伦理和道德上的不安。最后她的杀婴行为更是让她难逃法律的正义制裁。 第四章分析伊本绝望情欲的疯癫。原先一心只想占有农场的伊本在爱碧的色诱下,一下子由物质的囚徒变成了绝望情欲的男人。母亲的叮嘱、自己的使命甚至自己的生命等和爱碧相比都变得无足轻重,绝望的情欲已经占有了他的全部理性空间,他变成了一个“爱情”的疯子。 结论部分指出,凯勃特家的悲剧是由剧中主人公的疯癫行为造成的：他们的人生是疯狂的人生。该剧对现代人充满了启迪：面对各种诱惑时,让我们多一些理性,少一些疯癫。
[Abstract]:Desire under the Elm is one of Eugene O'Neill 's masterpieces in the Father of American Modern Drama and a family ethical tragedy. Old as he was, he had no less ambition to own a beautiful farm. He was strong and assertive, killing two wives and making his three sons the free coolies of the farm. He was the "stone God" on the farm, the only voice in the family. His third wife, Abby, had lived in poverty since childhood and had experienced family and marriage. At 35, she had also been forced to make a living by marrying Capote, an older woman in her seventies, who wanted to occupy the farm. In the process of achieving her goal, incest broke out between her stepson Ibne and her possessiveness of the farm was replaced by the desire for pure love, which eventually led to the tragedy of killing her newborn baby with her own hands. Ibne, the youngest son of Cabt, also wanted to own the farm he thought belonged to his dead mother. In the course of fighting for the farm with their stepmother Abby, they collided with each other in a spark of love. The theory of "madness" put forward by French philosopher Michel Foucault in Mad and Civilization opens a new window for us to understand this play. Foucault thinks that "madness" is a kind of spiritual phenomenon that occurs in human beings and coexists with reason. The two forces of reason and madness are in endless struggle, and the result of the struggle often brings tragedy to mankind. Foucault divides madness into three main types: conceited madness, just punishment madness and desperate lust madness. Judging from the plot development of desire under the Elm, the three protagonists, Cabt, Abby and Ibne, are all perverse and insane. Their crazy behavior corresponds to the three types of madness proposed by Foucault. By analyzing the different crazy behaviors of the protagonists, the paper draws a conclusion: since there are two kinds of emotions in human beings, rational and insane, we should try our best to let reason dominate our judgment when we are faced with temptation; Otherwise, similar tragedies are inevitable. The paper is divided into preface, four chapters and conclusion several parts. The preface briefly introduces the research situation of playwright O'Neill and the play desire under the Elms at home and abroad, and finally points out the purpose and significance of the research. The first chapter is a brief introduction to Foucault's theory of madness, focusing on the classification and meaning of three main forms of Foucault's madness. Chapter two analyzes the conceited madness of old Cabt. He was strong, mean, and arrogant, the only voice of the farm's stone God and his family. Chapter three analyzes the madness of justice punishment. In order to occupy the farm, she had incest with her stepson, which led to moral and moral uneasiness. In the end, her infanticide made it hard for her to escape justice from the law. Chapter four analyzes Ibne's madness of desperate passion. Ibne, once intent on owning the farm, was seduced by Abby and changed from a material prisoner to a desperate man. Mother's advice that his mission, even his life, was insignificant compared to Abby, that desperate lust had taken over all his rational space, and that he had become a madman of "love". The conclusion points out that the tragedy of the Capote family is caused by the crazy behavior of the protagonists: their lives are crazy. The play is full of inspiration to modern people: in the face of all kinds of temptations, let us be more rational and less insane.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.073
本文编号：2332484
[Abstract]:Desire under the Elm is one of Eugene O'Neill 's masterpieces in the Father of American Modern Drama and a family ethical tragedy. Old as he was, he had no less ambition to own a beautiful farm. He was strong and assertive, killing two wives and making his three sons the free coolies of the farm. He was the "stone God" on the farm, the only voice in the family. His third wife, Abby, had lived in poverty since childhood and had experienced family and marriage. At 35, she had also been forced to make a living by marrying Capote, an older woman in her seventies, who wanted to occupy the farm. In the process of achieving her goal, incest broke out between her stepson Ibne and her possessiveness of the farm was replaced by the desire for pure love, which eventually led to the tragedy of killing her newborn baby with her own hands. Ibne, the youngest son of Cabt, also wanted to own the farm he thought belonged to his dead mother. In the course of fighting for the farm with their stepmother Abby, they collided with each other in a spark of love. The theory of "madness" put forward by French philosopher Michel Foucault in Mad and Civilization opens a new window for us to understand this play. Foucault thinks that "madness" is a kind of spiritual phenomenon that occurs in human beings and coexists with reason. The two forces of reason and madness are in endless struggle, and the result of the struggle often brings tragedy to mankind. Foucault divides madness into three main types: conceited madness, just punishment madness and desperate lust madness. Judging from the plot development of desire under the Elm, the three protagonists, Cabt, Abby and Ibne, are all perverse and insane. Their crazy behavior corresponds to the three types of madness proposed by Foucault. By analyzing the different crazy behaviors of the protagonists, the paper draws a conclusion: since there are two kinds of emotions in human beings, rational and insane, we should try our best to let reason dominate our judgment when we are faced with temptation; Otherwise, similar tragedies are inevitable. The paper is divided into preface, four chapters and conclusion several parts. The preface briefly introduces the research situation of playwright O'Neill and the play desire under the Elms at home and abroad, and finally points out the purpose and significance of the research. The first chapter is a brief introduction to Foucault's theory of madness, focusing on the classification and meaning of three main forms of Foucault's madness. Chapter two analyzes the conceited madness of old Cabt. He was strong, mean, and arrogant, the only voice of the farm's stone God and his family. Chapter three analyzes the madness of justice punishment. In order to occupy the farm, she had incest with her stepson, which led to moral and moral uneasiness. In the end, her infanticide made it hard for her to escape justice from the law. Chapter four analyzes Ibne's madness of desperate passion. Ibne, once intent on owning the farm, was seduced by Abby and changed from a material prisoner to a desperate man. Mother's advice that his mission, even his life, was insignificant compared to Abby, that desperate lust had taken over all his rational space, and that he had become a madman of "love". The conclusion points out that the tragedy of the Capote family is caused by the crazy behavior of the protagonists: their lives are crazy. The play is full of inspiration to modern people: in the face of all kinds of temptations, let us be more rational and less insane.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.073
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