异化：从马克思主义视角分析《老无所依》
发布时间：2018-11-17 09:37
【摘要】：科马克.麦卡锡是美国当代著名的小说家,其声誉享誉海内外。他的小说视角主要集中于美国西部和南部,其后启示录风格的小说注重探讨人类存在价值和当下的人类生存环境。这些作品深入人心并引起了人们对生存状态的思考。其代表作之一《老无所依》出版于2005年,由于作者对当时社会的混乱和人性缺失的描述,该作品引起了巨大的反响,作者通过故事叙述意在揭示社会的混乱状态,从而唤醒人们心中的道德。 本文从马克思主义异化理论的视角来分析小说。异化作为社会现象同阶级一起产生,是人的物质生产与精神生产及其产品变成异己力量,反过来统治人的一种社会现象。它作为一个独立的力量对人类存在产生威胁。根据马克思主义理论,在异化活动中,人的能动性丧失了,遭到异己的物质力量或精神力量的奴役,从而使人的个性不能全面发展,只能片面发展,甚至畸形发展。由于异化的影响,人类从一个具有主观能动性的积极的主体变成了受支配的消极的客体。这种现象是现代文明的产物,充斥于现代社会的各个角落。在这部小说中,主要人物和其周围环境处在异化的状态中。作者试图通过对异化世界的客观呈现唤醒人们对现实世界的深刻反思。 该论文由六章组成。第一章简要介绍作者及《老无所依》和这部小说的国内外研究状况。第二章详细叙述马克思主义异化理论及其重要的异化结果和异化的原因。第三章是异化在小说中的体现。人物异化分析包括机械化的冷血杀手安东和被边缘化了的警长贝尔。同时这章也将分析社会异化中的暴力现象。暴力充斥着整部小说,并且暴力也是异化的重要体现,小说中的暴力和当时美国社会中的暴力对整部小说的异化分析尤为重要。《老无所依》中异化的原因将在第四章中阐述,主要包括当时的社会环境和美国价值观。社会环境指的是混乱的美国边境和病态的社会。美国价值观原因是指道德沦丧和宗教缺失。第五章揭示异化的结果和异化在社会中的反映。通过以上分析最后一章得出结论,社会仍然处在异化状态之中,人类存在岌岌可危,人们迫切需要反思人性和道德。
[Abstract]:Cormack. McCarthy is a famous contemporary American novelist, its reputation at home and abroad. His novels mainly focus on the western and southern parts of the United States, and his later apocalyptic novels focus on the value of human existence and the current human living environment. These works are deeply rooted in people's hearts and cause people to think about the state of existence. One of his masterpieces, "Old Man without a place", was published in 2005. Because of the author's description of the chaos of the society and the lack of humanity at that time, the work caused great repercussions. The author intends to reveal the chaotic state of the society through the narrative of the story. In order to awaken the moral in the hearts of people. This paper analyzes the novel from the angle of Marxist alienation theory. Alienation, as a social phenomenon, comes into being together with the class. It is a social phenomenon in which man's material and spiritual production and its products become dissident forces, which in turn dominate people. As an independent force, it threatens the existence of human beings. According to the Marxist theory, in the alienation activities, people's initiative is lost and enslaved by the dissident material or spiritual power, so that the individual character can not develop in an all-round way, but can only develop one-sided or even deformed. Due to the influence of alienation, human beings have changed from a positive subject with subjective initiative to a passive subject. This phenomenon is the product of modern civilization, full of modern society in every corner. In this novel, the main characters and their surroundings are in a state of alienation. The author attempts to awaken people's profound reflection on the real world through the objective presentation of the alienated world. The paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the author and the research situation of the novel at home and abroad. The second chapter describes the theory of alienation of Marxism and its important results and reasons of alienation in detail. The third chapter is the embodiment of alienation in the novel. Dissimilation analysis includes mechanized cold-blooded assassins Antony and marginalized Sheriff Bell. At the same time, this chapter will also analyze the phenomenon of violence in social alienation. Violence is full of the whole novel, and violence is also an important embodiment of alienation. Violence in the novel and violence in American society at that time are particularly important to the dissimilation analysis of the whole novel. Mainly including the social environment and American values at that time. The social environment refers to the chaotic borders of the United States and the sick society. The causes of American values are moral decay and lack of religion. The fifth chapter reveals the result of alienation and the reflection of alienation in society. From the conclusion of the last chapter of the above analysis, the society is still in the state of alienation, the human existence is at risk, and people urgently need to reflect on human nature and morality.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2337320
[Abstract]:Cormack. McCarthy is a famous contemporary American novelist, its reputation at home and abroad. His novels mainly focus on the western and southern parts of the United States, and his later apocalyptic novels focus on the value of human existence and the current human living environment. These works are deeply rooted in people's hearts and cause people to think about the state of existence. One of his masterpieces, "Old Man without a place", was published in 2005. Because of the author's description of the chaos of the society and the lack of humanity at that time, the work caused great repercussions. The author intends to reveal the chaotic state of the society through the narrative of the story. In order to awaken the moral in the hearts of people. This paper analyzes the novel from the angle of Marxist alienation theory. Alienation, as a social phenomenon, comes into being together with the class. It is a social phenomenon in which man's material and spiritual production and its products become dissident forces, which in turn dominate people. As an independent force, it threatens the existence of human beings. According to the Marxist theory, in the alienation activities, people's initiative is lost and enslaved by the dissident material or spiritual power, so that the individual character can not develop in an all-round way, but can only develop one-sided or even deformed. Due to the influence of alienation, human beings have changed from a positive subject with subjective initiative to a passive subject. This phenomenon is the product of modern civilization, full of modern society in every corner. In this novel, the main characters and their surroundings are in a state of alienation. The author attempts to awaken people's profound reflection on the real world through the objective presentation of the alienated world. The paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the author and the research situation of the novel at home and abroad. The second chapter describes the theory of alienation of Marxism and its important results and reasons of alienation in detail. The third chapter is the embodiment of alienation in the novel. Dissimilation analysis includes mechanized cold-blooded assassins Antony and marginalized Sheriff Bell. At the same time, this chapter will also analyze the phenomenon of violence in social alienation. Violence is full of the whole novel, and violence is also an important embodiment of alienation. Violence in the novel and violence in American society at that time are particularly important to the dissimilation analysis of the whole novel. Mainly including the social environment and American values at that time. The social environment refers to the chaotic borders of the United States and the sick society. The causes of American values are moral decay and lack of religion. The fifth chapter reveals the result of alienation and the reflection of alienation in society. From the conclusion of the last chapter of the above analysis, the society is still in the state of alienation, the human existence is at risk, and people urgently need to reflect on human nature and morality.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
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