毛姆笔下的“非正常人物”研究

发布时间：2019-03-10 20:40

【摘要】：英国作家毛姆是一位拥有世界性声誉和影响的二十世纪作家，毛姆的小说风格客观冷静，以描写人性见长。英国作家J·阿尔德里奇称毛姆“醉心于人们行为中的反常现象”[1]，确实，毛姆的作品中出现了一些“非正常人物”，这些人物有的特立独行不循规蹈矩，带着疯狂的激情追求着与世人完全不同的理想；有的性格畸形心理变态，带着非理性的激情做出各种偏执古怪的行为。本论文在细读文本的基础上，将毛姆笔下的这些非正常人物进行分类，并分析这些非正常人物的特质、形成原因和在他们形象背后的文化意蕴，并以此结合毛姆自身经历探讨毛姆的创作特色以及他的人性观。除引言和结语外，本文共分三章。引言部分在对毛姆研究现状整理的基础上，引出本文选题的理由、价值和意义。第一章对毛姆小说中的“非正常人物”群像进行整理分类，分为“非理性的牺牲品”和“常规的反叛者”两类，并分别对其进行分析，总结各自的特征。第一节分析第一类“非正常人物”“非理性的牺牲品”，他们受人性中的非理性因素控制，大多性格畸形变态，或欲壑难填陷入疯狂，或性格阴暗良心丧失，最终大多归于毁灭。第二节分析另一类“非正常人物”“常规的反叛者”，他们主动反抗社会强加于他们身上的常规，追求自由和自我价值的实现，却被大部分人视为异己，饱受嘲讽和排斥。第二章解析“非正常人物”形象背后的哲学、文学意蕴和内涵。毛姆的创作期跨越19世纪末和20世纪上半期，创作思想受到当时兴盛的非理性思潮的影响。第一节结合非理性思潮和尼采、叔本华等人的理论对“非理性的牺牲品”这类“非正常人物”的内涵和毛姆自身的非理性思想进行分析。第二节结合社会对人的异化理论和福柯的“权力规训”理论，分析社会和权力对人的异化和规训，以此来说明“常规的反叛者”这类“非正常人物”被认为非正常的原因及内涵。第三节说明毛姆塑造的“非正常人物”对传统的超越。毛姆笔下的人性有别于传统文学尤其是现实主义文学中的“典型环境中的典型人物”，，他着力表现出真实人性的多面与矛盾，与福斯特提出的“圆形人物”相应，这成为“非正常人物”的人性描写特色。第三章分析毛姆对“非正常人物”关注和探索的起因，以及他通过这些人物和自身游历总结出的人性观。第一节说明毛姆对“非正常人物”的关注源于毛姆自身的性格、经历和思想，“非正常人物”正是毛姆自我的分身。第二节结合毛姆自身经历和思想分析毛姆的“原始主义”倾向，毛姆厌恶工具理性和人类文明对人性的异化和扭曲，向往异域和自然，并在原始自然的空间中找到了他理想的人性。
[Abstract]:British writer Maugham is a twentieth century writer with worldwide reputation and influence. Maugham's novel style is objective and calm in order to describe human nature. British writer J Aldridge called Maugham "addicted to anomalies in people's behavior" [1] and, indeed, Maugham's work had some "abnormal characters", some of whom were unusual and unscrupulous in their own way, "said J. Aldridge, a British writer, who described Maugham as" addicted to anomalies in people's behavior "[1]. Pursue a completely different ideal with crazy passion; Some abnormal psychological perverts, with irrational passion to make a variety of eccentric behavior. On the basis of reading the text carefully, this thesis classifies these abnormal characters in Maugham's works, and analyzes the characteristics of these abnormal characters, the reasons for their formation and the cultural implication behind their images. Combined with Maugham's own experience, this paper discusses Maugham's creative characteristics and his view of human nature. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters. The introduction introduces the reason, value and significance of this paper on the basis of sorting out the status quo of Maugham research. The first chapter classifies the "abnormal characters" in Maugham's novels into two categories: "irrational victims" and "conventional rebels", and analyzes them and summarizes their respective characteristics. The first section analyzes the first category of "abnormal people" and "irrational victims". They are controlled by irrational factors in human nature, and most of them are abnormal and perverted, or their desire is difficult to fill into madness, or their dark conscience is lost. In the end, most of them end up in destruction. The second section analyzes another kind of "abnormal people", "conventional rebels" who actively resist the conventions imposed on them by society and pursue the realization of freedom and self-worth. However, they are regarded as dissidents by most people, and they are ridiculed and excluded. The second chapter analyzes the philosophy, literary implication and connotation behind the image of "abnormal person". Maugham's creation period straddled the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, and his creative thought was influenced by the flourishing irrational trend of thought at that time. The first section analyzes the connotation of "non-rational victim" and Maugham's irrational thought with the combination of irrational ideological trend and Nietzsche Schopenhauer's theory. The second section combines the alienation theory of society to human and Foucault's "power discipline" theory, analyzes the alienation and discipline of society and power to human beings. In this way, the reason and connotation of "normal rebels", such as "abnormal characters", are considered to be abnormal. The third section explains Maugham's transcendence of the tradition of "abnormal characters". Maugham's human nature is different from the traditional literature, especially the "typical character in the typical environment" in the realistic literature. He tries hard to show the multifacet and contradiction of the real human nature, which corresponds to the "round character" put forward by Foster. This becomes the human nature description characteristic of "abnormal person". The third chapter analyzes the causes of Maugham's concern and exploration of "abnormal characters", and his view of human nature through these characters and his own travels. The first section explains that Maugham's attention to "abnormal person" stems from Maugham's own character, experience and thought, and that "abnormal person" is Maugham's self-separation. The second section analyzes Maugham's "primitivism" tendency based on his own experiences and thoughts. Maugham hates instrumental rationality and the alienation and distortion of human nature by human civilization, and aspires to alien lands and nature. And found his ideal human nature in the primitive natural space.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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