《安提戈涅》的人物个体伦理及“卡塔西斯”导向
发布时间：2019-03-22 13:42
【摘要】：索福克勒斯的《安提戈涅》是古希腊留存完整的一部优秀的悲剧作品,引起了后世思想家从哲学、宗教、政治、文学批评等多种角度的研究。本文以《安提戈涅》为研究对象,对作品内容进行分析,将《安提戈涅》和《尼各马可伦理学》中的伦理思想对比的基础上,探讨作品中人物对话和行动中所蕴含的道德判断和道德评价。且更进一步探讨作品中的人物表现出来的道德见识对悲剧观众产生切实的道德“净化”效果。第一章对《安提戈涅》创作的古希腊社会背景做一个叙述。公元前五世纪的古希腊诗性的语言和深邃的思想是紧密结合在一起的,悲剧作品往往肩负着城邦公民道德教化的重要职责。这个时期的柏拉图的哲学思想对悲剧艺术的严肃批评也从侧面证实了悲剧中道德思想对城邦公民教育有着重要影响。第二章主要从《安提戈涅》文本中“评价性谓词”的内涵和外延,人物个体的对话和行动两个方面对作品的内容做一个分析。如“智慧”和“愚蠢”的对立,如关于“不幸”的认识上的分歧,评价性谓词表现出了内涵丰富和割裂的特点;剧中安提戈涅、克瑞翁等人相互冲突的对话和行动反映了个体道德实践始终是有充分的主动性和自主性,这些构成了城邦对价值多元化的需求。而安提戈涅、克瑞翁简化价值承诺的绝对理性思维模式只能导致实践活动中的失败,悲剧的发生。第三章将《安提戈涅》人物所蕴含的伦理思想同《尼各马可伦理学》的道德实践智慧对比。两者以“人获取幸福生活”为共同的目标,肯定人的经验活动,回归到实际的实践经验的层面上来考察实践理性活动。它们的不同之处在于《安提戈涅》中安提戈涅、克瑞翁对人类幸福的否定性回答,呈现索福克勒斯想要表达的德性和品质。安提戈涅和克瑞翁的行为是一场实践理性的实验,两位人物主角从对立的立场出发共同代表了一种人类理性妄想的失败。而亚里士多德正面积极地提出人的实践智慧具有不确定性,人所要做的就是要用“中道”的方法来实现幸福。基于前面章节的对《安提戈涅》人物道德内涵的分析,第四章主要来分析《安提戈涅》中的人物道德内涵“净化”悲剧观众的道德感。“卡塔西斯”不仅是一种情感的宣泄,也是道德感的净化和提升。在外在的、客观的审美心理距离的作用下;也由于《安提戈涅》中忒拜城和古希腊观众拥有类似的城邦社会心理背景,对城邦公共性的强烈诉求使得古希腊观众易得到一种道德感的净化。
[Abstract]:Antigone by Sophocles is an excellent work of tragedy which remains intact in ancient Greece. It has aroused the research of thinkers from philosophy, religion, politics, literary criticism and so on. Taking Antigone as the object of study, this paper analyzes the contents of the works, and compares the ethical thoughts of Antigone and Nicomarca on the basis of the analysis of the contents of the works. This paper discusses the moral judgment and moral evaluation contained in the dialogue and action of the characters in the works. Furthermore, the moral insight displayed by the characters in the works has a practical moral "purification" effect on the tragic audience. The first chapter describes the ancient Greek social background of Antigone. The poetic language and profound thought of ancient Greece in the fifth century BC are closely combined, and tragic works often shoulder the important duty of moral education of city-state citizens. The serious criticism of the tragic art by Plato's philosophy in this period also proves that the moral thought has an important influence on the civic education of the city-state in the tragedy. The second chapter mainly analyzes the content of the works from the connotation and extension of "evaluative predicates" in the text of Antigone, the dialogue and action of the individual characters. For example, the opposition between "wisdom" and "stupidity", such as the disagreements on the understanding of "misfortune", the evaluative predicates show the characteristics of rich connotation and split; The conflicting dialogues and actions of Antigone and Creon in the play reflect that individual moral practice is always full of initiative and autonomy, which constitutes the needs of the city-state for the diversity of values. The absolute rational thinking mode of Antigone and Creon to simplify the commitment of value can only lead to the failure and tragedy in the practice. The third chapter compares the ethical thoughts contained in the characters of Antigone with the moral practical wisdom of Nicomac Ethics. The two take "people get a happy life" as the common goal, affirm the human experience activity, return to the practical experience level to examine the practical rational activity. They differ in Antigone, Clon's negative answer to human happiness, presenting the virtues and qualities Sophocles wanted to express. The behavior of Antigone and Cryon is an experiment of practical rationality. The two protagonists represent a failure of human rational delusion from the opposite standpoint. Aristotle positively and positively proposed that man's practical wisdom is uncertain. What man has to do is to achieve happiness by means of "middle Tao". Based on the analysis of the moral connotation of the characters in Antigone, the fourth chapter mainly analyzes the moral sense of "purifying" the tragic audience in the "purification" of the moral connotation of the characters in Antigone. Catarsis is not only the catharsis of emotion, but also the purification and promotion of moral sense. Under the influence of external and objective aesthetic psychological distance; Due to the similar social and psychological background between the city-state and the ancient Greek audience in Antigone, the strong appeal to the public of the city-state makes the ancient Greek audience easy to get a kind of moral purification.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I106.3
本文编号：2445639
[Abstract]:Antigone by Sophocles is an excellent work of tragedy which remains intact in ancient Greece. It has aroused the research of thinkers from philosophy, religion, politics, literary criticism and so on. Taking Antigone as the object of study, this paper analyzes the contents of the works, and compares the ethical thoughts of Antigone and Nicomarca on the basis of the analysis of the contents of the works. This paper discusses the moral judgment and moral evaluation contained in the dialogue and action of the characters in the works. Furthermore, the moral insight displayed by the characters in the works has a practical moral "purification" effect on the tragic audience. The first chapter describes the ancient Greek social background of Antigone. The poetic language and profound thought of ancient Greece in the fifth century BC are closely combined, and tragic works often shoulder the important duty of moral education of city-state citizens. The serious criticism of the tragic art by Plato's philosophy in this period also proves that the moral thought has an important influence on the civic education of the city-state in the tragedy. The second chapter mainly analyzes the content of the works from the connotation and extension of "evaluative predicates" in the text of Antigone, the dialogue and action of the individual characters. For example, the opposition between "wisdom" and "stupidity", such as the disagreements on the understanding of "misfortune", the evaluative predicates show the characteristics of rich connotation and split; The conflicting dialogues and actions of Antigone and Creon in the play reflect that individual moral practice is always full of initiative and autonomy, which constitutes the needs of the city-state for the diversity of values. The absolute rational thinking mode of Antigone and Creon to simplify the commitment of value can only lead to the failure and tragedy in the practice. The third chapter compares the ethical thoughts contained in the characters of Antigone with the moral practical wisdom of Nicomac Ethics. The two take "people get a happy life" as the common goal, affirm the human experience activity, return to the practical experience level to examine the practical rational activity. They differ in Antigone, Clon's negative answer to human happiness, presenting the virtues and qualities Sophocles wanted to express. The behavior of Antigone and Cryon is an experiment of practical rationality. The two protagonists represent a failure of human rational delusion from the opposite standpoint. Aristotle positively and positively proposed that man's practical wisdom is uncertain. What man has to do is to achieve happiness by means of "middle Tao". Based on the analysis of the moral connotation of the characters in Antigone, the fourth chapter mainly analyzes the moral sense of "purifying" the tragic audience in the "purification" of the moral connotation of the characters in Antigone. Catarsis is not only the catharsis of emotion, but also the purification and promotion of moral sense. Under the influence of external and objective aesthetic psychological distance; Due to the similar social and psychological background between the city-state and the ancient Greek audience in Antigone, the strong appeal to the public of the city-state makes the ancient Greek audience easy to get a kind of moral purification.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I106.3
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