解读《猫的摇篮》中的黑色幽默

发布时间：2019-04-02 06:54

【摘要】：美国后现代作家库尔特·冯内古特在长达半个世纪的创作生涯中推出了不少作品，与马克·吐温齐名。其代表作《猫的摇篮》抓住了他身处时代的情绪，并激发了一代人的想象。冯内古特研究专家彼得·J·里德将《猫的摇篮》称作是冯内古特第一部真正意义上的后现代小说。人们对冯内古特的作品看法分歧很大，他在小说中运用后现代主义的游戏元小说反讽戏仿等手法塑造出性格怪异的荒诞人物，描绘了混沌无序的幻想世界，然而其作品虚无中透露着希望，混乱中却有自己的秩序。他始终担心人类文明发展的前景。他既是不断变化、难以琢磨的后现代主义黑色幽默作家，又是将公众的利益紧密联系的现实主义者。本文拟从黑色幽默这一视角对《猫的摇篮》展开研究，经过研究和论证，试图从黑色幽默在其主题、意象和写作手法上的表现出发，对其反战主题，猫的摇篮意象和其戏仿、反讽等写作手法进行研究和分析，旨在揭示冯内古特与黑色幽默的关系和其对黑色幽默的超越。《猫的摇篮》是对现代人生存状态的启示录，作者以南美小国的悲剧和世界末日的来临的情景昭示民众，揭示现代人面对种种生存困境及其悲剧原因，提出唯有建立真正和睦的大家庭社会方能避开最后的厄运。本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。主要内容如下：第一部分为导论，综述国内外对冯尼古特及《猫的摇篮》的研究现状，介绍本文的研究角度，创新之处及现实意义。第二部分是正文，由四部分组成：第一章简单介绍作家早期家庭生活与二战中的经历、战后工作经历和美苏冷战的背景，分析其人生经历与黑色幽默之间的关系。本章还将介绍黑色幽默的定义及其发展，产生背景和特点，以及黑色幽默在《猫的摇篮》中的运用。第二章集中探讨《猫的摇篮》中的黑色幽默在主题上的体现，包括科技的异化和人的异化，强权政治和宗教的控制。科技异化体现在可导致人类灭亡的原子弹和“冰九号”；人的异化主要表现在霍尼克博士一家。霍尼克博士被称为“原子弹之父”，是个冷漠疯狂的物理学家，人不在他的研究范围之内，他只对猫的摇篮这种游戏感兴趣。他的三个孩子怪异冷淡，在他死后分割了他的“九号冰”，并用它换取了所谓的地位和幸福，最后“九号冰”导致世界灭亡。第三章主要是猫的摇篮的意象解读。猫的摇篮的意象看似简单却变化万千，其实本没有猫也没有摇篮，作者以此暗示世界的虚无，从而揭示世界的荒谬性。猫的摇篮和晶莹剔透的“九号冰”，以及作者创造的博克农教等象征物属于同类。《猫的摇篮》是一部展示后现代状况的启示录，透过作品中渗透的深深的绝望，，本文能看到作者对未来的期许，唯有建立真正和睦的大家庭社会方能避开最后的厄运。第四章论述《猫的摇篮》中的戏仿、反讽等写作手法。《猫的摇篮》中的博克农教是以戏仿基督教的手法虚构而成，是对传统宗教的滑稽模仿。他精心设计的博克侬教教义较为全面地表达了他对现存的宗教、文化政治和意识形态方面种种问题和矛盾的思考，同时使《猫的摇篮》在冯内古特的众多作品中占有重要地位。第三部分是结论。冯内古特绝妙运用了黑色幽默的技巧,却又超越了黑色幽默，其根源在于他对于社会和历史具有强烈的责任感。黑色幽默所表现的是虚无、混沌、无助的世界，没有秩序和理智，一切都是偶然和荒谬的，但冯内古特在作品的混乱中却拥有自己的秩序——虚无中的秩序性。《猫的摇篮》是一部展示后现代社会状况的启示录。
[Abstract]:The post-modern writer of the United States, Kurt von Negut, introduced a number of works in a half-century career as well as Mark Twain. The representative of the cat, the cradle of the cat, captured the emotion of his time and inspired the imagination of a generation. Peter J. Reed, an expert in Feng's study, called "the cradle of the cat" as the post-modern novel in the first real sense of Feng. There is a lot of disagreement over Feng's works, and he uses post-modernism in the novel? The meta-novel? Irony? The parody and other techniques are used to create the strange and strange characters of the character, and depict the unordered fantasy world. However, in the nothingness of his works, the hope is revealed, but the chaos has its own order. He has always been concerned about the prospect of human civilization development. He is not only a changing, hard-to-figure post-modernism, a humorous writer, but also a realist that closely links the interests of the public. This paper intends to study and demonstrate the cradles of the cat from the point of view of humor. After the research and demonstration, this paper tries to start with the expression of humor in its theme, image and writing, and to the image of the cradle of the cat and the play of the cat. The study and analysis of the writing techniques such as imitation and irony are aimed at revealing the relationship between Feng's and the humorous and the super-high sense of humor. The more, the cradle of the cat is the apocalyptic of the living condition of the modern people, and the author shows the people in the light of the tragedy of the small country in South America and the coming of the end of the world. As a result, it is proposed that only a truly harmonious family society should be established to avoid the last UNMEE Transportation. This article is composed of the introduction, the text and the conclusion. is composed of two main components The first part is an introduction, and a review of the present situation of the research on the Cradle of FENG Nguet and the Cats at home and abroad, and the research angle and innovation of this paper are introduced. And the second part is the text. It consists of four parts: the first chapter briefly introduces the experience of the writer's early family life and the second world war, the post-war work experience and the background of the US-Soviet cold war, and analyzes the experience of his life. This chapter also introduces the definition of humor and its development, the background and features, and the humor in < The use of the cradle of the cat. The second chapter focuses on the expression of the humor in the cradle of the cat in the theme, including the alienation of science and technology and the alienation of the human. The control of power politics and religion. The alienation of science and technology is embodied in the atomic bomb and the "Ice No.9" that can lead to the extinction of mankind; the alienation of human beings To be represented in Dr. Hoick's family, Dr. Hoick, called the "the father of the atomic bomb", is a cold and crazy physicist who is not within his scope, and he is only right The cat's cradle was of interest to the game. His three children were freaky and divided his "ice No.9" after he died and in exchange for the so-called status and well-being, and last "unk>" ice No.9 "< / Chunk> causes the world to die. The chapter is mainly the image interpretation of the cradle of the cat. The image of the cradle of the cat appears to be simple but changeable, and in fact, no cat has the cradle, and the author suggests the world. The nothingness of the world, thus revealing the absurdity of the world. The cat's cradle and the clear "ice No.9", and the author's creation. The Bog's Cradle of Agriculture and the like belong to the same kind. The writing techniques such as the parody, the irony and so on. The Bog's agricultural education in the cradle of the cat is to play a part in the imitation of the Christian method. It's a parody of the traditional religion. He's well-designed and well-designed. He expressed his thoughts on the problems and contradictions of the existing religion, culture, politics and ideology, and at the same time made the cradles of the cat. The numerous works of Negut The third part is the conclusion. He has a strong sense of responsibility for society and history. The sense of humor is a nothingness, a mixed, helpless world, no order and reason, all of which is accidental and absurd, but the chaos of Feng's work in the works In one's own order. The rank of the nothingness. 【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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