语用预设理论下《福尔摩斯探案集》逻辑推理研究
发布时间：2019-06-20 07:51
【摘要】：预设一词最早由德国著名哲学家和数学家Gottlob Frege（1892）在《意义与所指》一书中提出。Frege认为，“如果某个事物为人们所提及，通常情况下预设就产生了，即人们所提到的那个简单名词或复合名词有所指”。Robert C. Stalnaker于1974年将预设概念引入语用学领域，从说话人态度和语境角度探讨语言中的预设现象，即语用预设。Stalnaker指出语用预设不仅和语境有关，，而且和说话对象有关。《福尔摩斯探案集》是迄今为止全世界最畅销的侦探小说之一。它的影响长久而深远，获得了各个层面读者的喜爱，直到现在仍然有无穷的魅力。小说根据生活中的表象与细节，运用想象与经验，以丝丝入扣、无懈可击的逻辑推理，得到一个个可信而又令人惊叹的推论。作者柯南道尔把人类观察力与逻辑推理能力的巨大能量发挥到了极致，被称为“英国侦探小说之父”。 国内外对这部世界经典侦探小说的研究不乏其人，但大多是从文学角度分析，如文体研究、叙事模式研究以及中译本研究等，涉及语用学角度的研究较少。语用预设在《福尔摩斯探案集》中极其重要，是侦探家福尔摩斯进行案情推理，实现案件侦破的重要工具。鉴于此，本文试图从语用预设角度对《福尔摩斯探案集》中的逻辑推理进行研究。 本文拟运用语用预设理论，从指称预设、语境预设、背景预设和交际对象预设四个方面对《福尔摩斯探案集》进行分析。结合该分类，本文通过《福尔摩斯探案集》中的具体人物对话分析小说中严密的逻辑推理是如何以这四种语用预设体现出来的，并得出以下结论： (1)《福尔摩斯探案集》中存在着大量的语用预设； (2)语用预设是《福尔摩斯探案集》中逻辑推理的前提，是联系小说和读者的关键纽带。语用预设的运用能帮助读者揭示出《福尔摩斯探案集》中隐藏的信息。 (3《)福尔摩斯探案集》中语用预设的使用不仅使小说中的逻辑推理简洁明了，避免繁琐的语言表达，同时又保持了小说情节的连贯性，使小说更具吸引力。
[Abstract]:The term presupposition was first proposed in meaning and reference by the famous German philosopher and mathematician Gottlob Frege (1892. Frege argues that "if something is mentioned by people, presupposition usually arises, that is, the simple noun or compound noun mentioned by people refers to something." Robert C. Stalnaker introduced the concept of presupposition into the field of pragmatics in 1974 to explore presupposition phenomena in language from the perspective of speaker attitude and context. Pragmatic presupposition. Stalnaker points out that pragmatic presupposition is not only related to context, but also to the object of speech. Sherlock Holmes is one of the best-selling detective novels in the world so far. Its influence is long and far-reaching, has been loved by readers at all levels, and still has infinite charm. According to the appearance and details of life, the novel obtains a credible and amazing inference by using imagination and experience, with impeccable and impeccable logical reasoning. Conan Doyle, the author, brought the great energy of human observation and logical reasoning to the extreme, known as the father of British detective novels. There are many researches on this world classical detective novel at home and abroad, but most of them are analyzed from the literary point of view, such as stylistic research, narrative mode research and Chinese translation research, and so on, and there are few studies involving pragmatics. Pragmatic presupposition is very important in Sherlock Holmes. It is an important tool for detective Holmes to reason the case and realize the detection of the case. In view of this, this paper attempts to study the logical reasoning in Holmes Exploration from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition. Based on pragmatic presupposition theory, this paper analyzes Sherlock Holmes from four aspects: referential presupposition, contextual presupposition, background presupposition and communicative object presupposition. Combined with this classification, this paper analyzes how the strict logical reasoning in the novel is embodied by these four pragmatic presuppositions through the dialogue of the specific characters in the Sherlock Holmes case study, and draws the following conclusions: (1) there are a large number of pragmatic presuppositions in the Sherlock Holmes case study; (2) pragmatic presupposition is the premise of logical reasoning in Sherlock Holmes, and it is the key link between the novel and the reader. The use of pragmatic presupposition can help readers reveal the hidden information in Sherlock Holmes. (3) the use of pragmatic presupposition in Sherlock Holmes not only makes the logical reasoning in the novel simple and clear, avoids tedious language expression, but also maintains the consistency of the plot of the novel and makes the novel more attractive.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;I561.074
本文编号：2503056
[Abstract]:The term presupposition was first proposed in meaning and reference by the famous German philosopher and mathematician Gottlob Frege (1892. Frege argues that "if something is mentioned by people, presupposition usually arises, that is, the simple noun or compound noun mentioned by people refers to something." Robert C. Stalnaker introduced the concept of presupposition into the field of pragmatics in 1974 to explore presupposition phenomena in language from the perspective of speaker attitude and context. Pragmatic presupposition. Stalnaker points out that pragmatic presupposition is not only related to context, but also to the object of speech. Sherlock Holmes is one of the best-selling detective novels in the world so far. Its influence is long and far-reaching, has been loved by readers at all levels, and still has infinite charm. According to the appearance and details of life, the novel obtains a credible and amazing inference by using imagination and experience, with impeccable and impeccable logical reasoning. Conan Doyle, the author, brought the great energy of human observation and logical reasoning to the extreme, known as the father of British detective novels. There are many researches on this world classical detective novel at home and abroad, but most of them are analyzed from the literary point of view, such as stylistic research, narrative mode research and Chinese translation research, and so on, and there are few studies involving pragmatics. Pragmatic presupposition is very important in Sherlock Holmes. It is an important tool for detective Holmes to reason the case and realize the detection of the case. In view of this, this paper attempts to study the logical reasoning in Holmes Exploration from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition. Based on pragmatic presupposition theory, this paper analyzes Sherlock Holmes from four aspects: referential presupposition, contextual presupposition, background presupposition and communicative object presupposition. Combined with this classification, this paper analyzes how the strict logical reasoning in the novel is embodied by these four pragmatic presuppositions through the dialogue of the specific characters in the Sherlock Holmes case study, and draws the following conclusions: (1) there are a large number of pragmatic presuppositions in the Sherlock Holmes case study; (2) pragmatic presupposition is the premise of logical reasoning in Sherlock Holmes, and it is the key link between the novel and the reader. The use of pragmatic presupposition can help readers reveal the hidden information in Sherlock Holmes. (3) the use of pragmatic presupposition in Sherlock Holmes not only makes the logical reasoning in the novel simple and clear, avoids tedious language expression, but also maintains the consistency of the plot of the novel and makes the novel more attractive.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;I561.074
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