膝关节的临床解剖学研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 00:01

本文关键词：膝关节的临床解剖学研究　出处：《吉林大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：膝关节是人体中关节面最大,构造亦最复杂的关节。其由股骨下端、胫骨上端和髌骨构成,在其前方有强大的股四头肌肌腱,在后方有股二头肌、半腱肌及半膜肌。为了保持膝关节的稳定,其周围有较多的韧带,在关节中还有前、后十字韧带。在较圆的股骨髁关节面与较平的胫骨髁间尚有内、外侧半月板介于其间。由于半月板及十字韧带的存在,使膝关节分成股骨髁、半月板和半月板、胫骨髁的双层关节;还构成膝前部、膝内侧和膝外侧三个关节腔,使关节的构造复杂化。膝关节除屈伸运动外,在半屈时,尚能内、外旋运动。在膝伸直到10o至15o时,股骨在胫骨上又产生一定程度的内旋运动,使膝关节的运动多轴化,含有相当程度的球窝关节特征。当上述复杂的结构与功能间不适应时,就会产生各种功能障碍。因此研究膝关节的功能解剖,可帮助进一步了解膝关节的疾病和治疗方案。
[Abstract]:The knee is the largest body of the joint surface, structure is the most complicated joint. The lower end of femur, tibia and patella, a powerful four biceps in its front, with the stock two muscles in the rear, semitendinosus and semimembranosus. In order to maintain the stability of the knee joint, there are many the ligaments around the joint in there before the posterior cruciate ligament. The articular surface of the femoral condyles and tibial condyle than the circle flat there are between, between the lateral meniscus meniscus and cruciate ligament. Meanwhile due to the existence of the knee joint into the femoral condyle and articular meniscus meniscus, double tibial condyle; also a front knee, knee medial and lateral knee joint cavity three, the joint structure is complex. In addition to the knee joint flexion and extension, flexion in half, still can exercise, external rotation. In the knee extension until 10o to 15O, and femoral internal rotation movement to a certain extent in the tibia so, the knee joint The motion of multi axis ball joint, with considerable characteristics. As to the structure and function of the complex between, it will produce a variety of dysfunction. So the study on the function of knee joint anatomy, can help to further understand the disease and treatment of knee joint.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R322

【引证文献】