细胞骨架蛋白α-Actinin、Actin、Vinculin在大脑皮层神经干细胞定向分化为神经元的时空表达

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:36

本文关键词：细胞骨架蛋白α-Actinin、Actin、Vinculin在大脑皮层神经干细胞定向分化为神经元的时空表达　出处：《中国医科大学》2005年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的神经干细胞(Neural stem cell,NSC)是存在于成年哺乳动物脑内的具有分裂及分化潜能的神经祖细胞(Neural progenitor),在神经营养因子(neurotrophic factor)及其他生长因子(growth factor)的作用下可增殖形成细胞团(神经球),分离的神经球细胞经诱导可分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞。研究显示,成年嗅球、皮层、室管膜层或者室管膜下层、纹状体、海马的齿状回颗粒细胞层等脑组织中分布着神经干细胞,脊髓、隔区也分离出神经干细胞,这些研究表明,神经干细胞广泛存在于神经系统。在NSC向神经元分化发育过程中,神经突起沿特定的路线生长、延长,并伸向将与它建立突触联系的靶细胞。众所周知,细胞的运动及形态维持依赖于细胞骨架系统,而在神经突起伸长及向特定的方向生长方面,生长锥(growth cone)的可动性起决定作用。生长锥是生长中轴突与树突末端的扇形膨大,主要分两个区域:其呈扇形膨大部分为板足(lamellipodium),在板足的表面伸出许多细小的指状突起,称丝足(filopodium)。细胞骨架是细胞内蛋白质丝组成的网状结构,包括,直径7nm的微丝(microfilament)、直径24nm的微管(microtubules)及直径11nm的中间丝(intermediatefilament)。肌动蛋白是微丝的主要成分,其在生长锥的可动性中起关键作用,生长锥的板足及丝足的活跃运动有赖于肌动蛋白有序、快速的聚合、解聚过程。在生长锥功能活跃时,较多的肌动蛋白单体连接于F-肌动蛋白的添加端使F-肌动蛋白伸长,因肌动蛋白丝的添加端朝向板足的周围区并伸入丝足内,肌动蛋白丝伸长的力量使丝足及板足伸展,伸展的板足周围区(Veil)及丝足通过其膜上粘着相关分子(锚定蛋白)介导,与基
[Abstract]:objective
Neural stem cells (Neural stem cell, NSC) is the division and differentiation of neural progenitor cells exist in the adult mammalian brain (Neural, progenitor) in neurotrophic factor (neurotrophic factor) and other growth factors (growth factor) can proliferate to form cell clusters under the action of (neurospheres), isolated nerve spherical cells can be induced into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Studies show that the adult olfactory bulb, cortex, ependymal layer or subventricular zone, striatum, hippocampus dentate granule cell layer in the brain tissue distribution of neural stem cells, spinal cord, septal area also isolated neural stem cells, these studies show that neural stem cells widely exist in the nervous system.
During the development of neuronal differentiation in NSC, neurites along specific routes of growth, extension, and to the target cells will establish synaptic connections with it. As everyone knows, the movement and morphology of cells remain dependent on cytoskeletal system in neurite elongation and to the specific direction of growth, growth cone (growth cone) the mobility plays a decisive role.
The growth cone is the fan shaped expansion of axons and dendrites in growth, which is mainly divided into two parts: its fan-shaped expansion is mostly lamellipodium, and there are many tiny finger processes on the surface of the board, called filopodium.
The cytoskeleton is a mesh consisting of cells including silk protein, 7Nm diameter (microfilament), the diameter of 24nm microfilament microtubules (microtubules) and intermediate filament diameter of 11nm (intermediatefilament). Actin is the main component of microfilament, which play a key role in the mobility of growth cone, foot plate and silk growth cone the foot of the active movement depends on the actin orderly, rapid polymerization and depolymerization process. Active in the growth cone function, add more actin monomers end connected to the F- F- of actin actin elongation, with the addition of actin filament end toward the foot plate and extends into the area around the silk foot, actin filament elongation strength the silk foot and foot plate stretch, stretch the board foot peripheral zone (Veil) and gouramies through its membrane adhesion molecules (anchor protein mediated), and medium

【学位授予单位】：中国医科大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R329

【共引文献】