流感病毒寡核苷酸检测芯片的初步研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 16:13

本文选题：流感病毒　切入点：基因诊断　出处：《第一军医大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：流行性感冒是一种由流感病毒引起的上呼吸道传染病。流感极易在人群中传播并造成大流行。历史上每一次流感的大流行都会造成成千上万人死亡。流感病毒分为甲、乙、丙三型,甲型流感又包含15个血凝素亚型和9个神经氨酸酶亚型。其中,常引起人群发病的是甲型流感病毒中的H1N1和H3N2以及乙型流感病毒。流感病毒基因为分节段的单负链RNA,其中甲型和乙型包含8个RNA节段,丙型包含7个RNA节段,缺少神经氨酸酶节段。在这8个RNA节段中,编码核蛋白(nucleoprotein,NP)和膜蛋白(matrix protein,MP)的节段具有型特异性,NP还是流感病毒分型的依据;甲型流感病毒中血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)和神经氨酸酶(neuraminidases,NA)极易变异,具有亚型特异性,是甲型流感病毒亚型划分的依据。目前流感病毒的检测方法主要有病毒分离法、血清学检测、流感病毒抗原检测和多重PCR检测方法。无论是哪一种检测方法,都无法同时对众多型和亚型的流感病毒进行精确的分型。因而有必要寻找一种高效、高通量和快速的流感病毒检测和分型方法。基因芯片技术的出现为同时对流感病毒进行检测和分型提供了可能的途径。它可以同时对成千上万个基因进行检测,因而是一种高通量、平行化的检测方法。
[Abstract]:Influenza is an upper respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. Influenza can easily spread among people and cause a pandemic. Every influenza pandemic in history has caused thousands of deaths. Type C, influenza A consists of 15 hemagglutinin subtypes and 9 neuraminidase subtypes. H1N1 and H3N2 in influenza A viruses and influenza B viruses are common causes in people. Influenza virus genes are single-negative RNAs in segments of which A and B contain 8 segments of RNA, and type C contains 7 segments of RNA. In these eight RNA segments, the segments encoding nucleoprotein RNA and membrane protein RNA have the basis of type-specific NP or influenza virus typing, and hemagglutinin in influenza A virus and neuraminidasesNA1 are easy to mutate. It has subtype specificity and is the basis for the classification of influenza A virus subtypes. At present, the main methods for detecting influenza viruses are virus isolation, serological detection, influenza virus antigen detection and multiple PCR detection. No matter which method is used, It is not possible to accurately classify influenza viruses of many types and subtypes at the same time, so it is necessary to find an efficient method. High throughput and rapid detection and typing of influenza viruses. The advent of gene chip technology provides a possible way to detect and type influenza viruses at the same time. It can detect thousands of genes at the same time. Therefore, it is a high throughput, parallel detection method.
【学位授予单位】：第一军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R346

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