粉螨生态学研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 19:36

本文选题：粉螨 + 群落结构　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的研究不同生境中粉螨的群落组成、多样性和相似性,并调查仓储害螨优势种腐食酪螨(Tyrophagus putrescentiae)的种群数量消长情况及在仓储小麦中的空间分布型,探讨其种群消长与生态因子的关系。方法在仓储、人居、工作、野外四类生境中采集粉螨样本,采用直接镜检法和电热集螨法进行粉螨的分离、鉴定及计数,并通过Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Simpson指数及Jaccard指数计算其物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度、优势度及群落相似性。自2005年3月至11月每月5、15、25日于淮南三和粮站定点采集样本,测定并记录仓温及相对湿度,进行腐食酪螨及天敌的鉴定及计数。采用扩散指标、Taylor幂法则及1wao m~*(?)回归分析法研究腐食酪螨在仓储小麦中的空间分布型:采用灰色关联度分析法研究其种群消长与生态因子的关系。结果从4类生境的100个采样点中共检获粉螨3650只,隶属于7科20属,共32种。4类生境的粉螨物种数S在10～26之间,丰富度指数R在1.466～3.313之间,多样性指数H′在1.905～2.773之间,均匀度指数J′在0.828～0.864之间,优势度指数D在0.080～0.184之间,其中仓储环境的物种数、丰富度指数和多样性指数最高,野外环境的均匀度指数最高,工作环境的优势度指数最高。工作和野外环境的群落相似性指数最低,达到极度不相似水平。腐食酪螨种群数量高峰期出现在6月下旬和9月中旬,各扩散型指标值为I＞0,C_A＞0,m~*/(?)＞1;Taylor幂法则回归方程为:lg S~2=0.1245+1.4220 lg(?)Iwao m~*—(?)的回归式为:m~*=3.5036+1.0478(?)。3种生态因子与腐食酪螨幼螨量消长的关联序为仓温＞天敌数量＞相对湿度;与若成螨量消长的关联序为相对湿度＞天敌数量＞仓温;与整个种群数量消长的关联序为相对湿度＞仓温＞天敌数量。结论粉螨群落的结构及多样性与其生境条件直接相关,而人类活动也是较为重要的影响因素。腐食酪螨在仓储小麦中空间格局是以个体群为基本成份呈聚集分布,且密度越高,聚集度越大。相对湿度、仓温、天敌数量为影响腐食酪螨种群消长的重要生态因子,该螨种群消长曲线呈双峰型,可于6月至9月发生高峰期对其进行集中防治。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the community composition, diversity and similarity of acaroid mites in different habitats, and to investigate the population growth and decline of Tyrophagus putrescentiaeae, a dominant species of stored mites, and their spatial distribution patterns in stored wheat. The relationship between population growth and decline and ecological factors was discussed. Methods the samples of acaroid mites were collected in storage, human settlement, work and field. The acaroid mites were isolated, identified and counted by direct microscopic examination and electrothermal mite collection. The species richness, diversity, evenness, dominance and community similarity were calculated by Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Jaccard index. From March to November, 2005, samples were collected from Huainan Sanhe Grain Station on May 15 and 25, 2005. The temperature and relative humidity of the storehouse were measured and recorded, and the identification and counting of typhus rot mite and natural enemy were carried out. Using the Taylor's power law and 1wao's power law. Regression analysis was used to study the spatial distribution of typhus rot mite in stored wheat. Grey correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between population growth and decline and ecological factors. Results A total of 3650 mites, belonging to 20 genera and 7 families, were seized from 100 sampling sites in 4 types of habitats. The species number S of 32 species and 4 species of habitats was between 10 and 26, the richness index R was 1.4663.313, and the diversity index H 'was between 1.905 and 2.773. The evenness index J'is between 0.828 and 0.864, and the dominance index D is between 0.080 and 0.184. Among them, the species number, richness index and diversity index of storage environment are the highest, the evenness index of field environment is the highest, and the dominance index of working environment is the highest. The community similarity index between working environment and field environment was the lowest and reached extreme dissimilarity level. The peak population of typhus rot mite occurred in late June and mid-September, and the diffusive index values were I > 0CA > 0 / 0 / D) > 1 / L Taylor's power law regression equation was: 1 / LG / S ~ (2 +) 0.1245 / 1.4220 lg(?)Iwao / m ~ (1)) The correlation order between the ecological factors and the quantity of juvenile mites of typhus rot is as follows: warehouse temperature > number of natural enemies > relative humidity, and the order of correlation with the quantity of adult mites is relative humidity > number of natural enemies > quantity of natural enemies > storehouse temperature, and the regression equation is: 3.5036 1.04780.The correlation order between the ecological factors and the quantity of juvenile mites is as follows: warehouse temperature > natural enemy number > relative humidity; The correlation order with the population quantity is relative humidity > warehouse temperature > natural enemy number. Conclusion the structure and diversity of acaroid mites community are directly related to their habitat conditions, and human activities are also important factors. The spatial pattern of typhus rot mite in storage wheat was clustered distribution with individual group as the basic component, and the higher the density, the greater the aggregation degree. Relative humidity, warehouse temperature and natural enemy number are the important ecological factors that affect the population growth and decline of typhus putrescens. The growth and decline curve of this mite population shows a bimodal pattern, which can be controlled centrally during the peak period from June to September.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R384.4

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