颅腔内结构的三维重建及参数分析

发布时间：2018-04-22 18:26

本文选题：三维重构 + 幕下结构　；参考：《吉林大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的:为教学科研与临床工作提供三维可视的组织结构模型,计算并提供正常人体颅腔内各种个器官组织的体积及比例,作为临床工作的参考。材料方法:对一具颅腔无器质性病变的成人男尸头部进行冰冻切片,高清晰数码照相,A/D转换,存入计算机对位校正后,人工勾勒所感兴趣结构的边界,然后利用自行设计的重构软件进行实体显示,此软件还可直接给出所描结构的坐标及体积;另外选取两例发育良好的成年男性扫描得到MRI胶片,用透射式投影机缩放到与实体等大的比例后,投影于坐标纸上,勾勒面积,根据柱形过渡的方法计算各个结构的体积,与三维重构的结果相比较。结果:1、得到颅腔内各个器官组织的三维重构模型,所得图形清晰,可任意角度自由旋转。主要包括:大脑(左右半球),小脑(左右半球),第四脑室,大脑镰,小脑幕,脑干(中脑,脑桥,延髓)等。2、得出各部组织结构的体积及坐标。三维重构所得包括:幕上体积1321.5cm~3,占颅腔体积85.91%,幕下体积216.8cm~3占颅腔体积的14.09%,大脑体积1296.9cm~3,占颅腔体积的84.30%,小脑体积145.3cm~3,占颅腔体积的9.45%,脑干体积27.3cm~3,,占颅腔体积的1.78%,第四脑室体积1.4cm~3,占颅腔体积的0.09%。利用柱形过渡法算也相应得到各部分体积,并与上述测量结果基本吻合。结论:颅腔作为人体最为重要的部位,其内部结构的大小、毗邻、比例必然成为人们关注的热点,加之颅骨坚硬而内部结构脆弱易移位,对颅腔内结构的观察实验就显得尤为困难。本文正是利用目前国际上最流行的三维数字化重构人的方式,成功的在计算机上重构出颅腔内各个结构的三维图象,各个结构可以分别显示也可以拆分,组合,并赋予不同的RGB色彩,图形可以自由旋转,缩放,并可以根据软件中给定的三维坐标(x,y,z)直接定位所感兴趣结构的形心坐标。同时给出了中国正常成年男子颅腔结构的正常体积参考值,并且发现用柱形过渡计算的体积要大于三维重构所计算的体积,而测得的颅腔前后径,左右径并无显著性差异。
[Abstract]:Objective: to provide a three-dimensional visual tissue structure model for teaching, scientific research and clinical work, and to calculate and provide the volume and proportion of various organs and tissues in normal human skull cavity as a reference for clinical work. Methods: the head of an adult male cadaver with no pathological changes in the skull cavity was frozen, and the A- / D conversion of high resolution digital photography was performed, and the boundary of the structure of interest was artificially delineated after the correction by computer. Then the reconstruction software designed by ourselves is used for entity display, which can also give the coordinate and volume of the described structure directly. In addition, two well-developed adult men are selected to scan to obtain MRI film. After the transmission projector is scaled to the same proportion as the solid, it is projected on the coordinate paper to outline the area. According to the method of cylindrical transition, the volume of each structure is calculated and compared with the result of 3D reconstruction. Results the three-dimensional reconstruction model of various organs and tissues in the skull cavity was obtained, and the figure was clear and could be rotated freely at any angle. It mainly includes: brain (left and right hemispheres, cerebellum) (left and right hemispheres, fourth ventricle, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebellum, brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata) and so on. The results of 3D reconstruction include: supratentorial volume 1321.5 cm ~ (-1), cranial volume 85.91, subtentorial volume (216.8cm~3) 14.09%, brain volume 1296.9 cm ~ (-3), cerebellar volume (84.30), cerebellar volume (145.3 cm) ~ (3), cerebellar volume (9.45), brainstem volume (27.3 cm) ~ (3), cranial volume 1.78 cm ~ (-1). The volume of the ventricle was 1.4 cm / 3, accounting for 0.09% of the volume of the skull cavity. The volume of each part is also calculated by the cylindrical transition method, and the results are in good agreement with the above measurements. Conclusion: as the most important part of the human body, the size, proximity and proportion of the internal structure of the skull cavity must be the focus of attention, in addition, the skull is hard and the internal structure is fragile and easy to shift. It is particularly difficult to observe the structure of the skull cavity. In this paper, using the most popular 3D digital reconstruction method in the world, we successfully reconstruct the three-dimensional images of each structure in the skull cavity on the computer. Each structure can be displayed separately or split and combined. With different RGB colors, the graphics can be rotated and scaled freely, and the centroid coordinates of the structures of interest can be directly located according to the given 3D coordinates in the software. At the same time, the normal volume reference value of Chinese adult man's skull structure is given, and it is found that the volume calculated by columnar transition is larger than that calculated by 3D reconstruction, but there is no significant difference between the measured anterior and posterior diameter of skull cavity and the left and right diameter of the skull cavity.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R322;R319

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