一种新细菌Phenylobacterium zucineum的全基因组测序及初步分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 18:37

本文选题：兼性胞内寄生菌 + 基因组　；参考：《浙江大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：Phenylobacterium zucineum是一种我们近期在一种肿瘤细胞内发现的兼性胞内寄生菌,不仅与目前已知的菌种均不相同,而且具有独特的生物学特性和潜在的重要意义。由于该菌寄生在肿瘤细胞内,而目前大多数胞内寄生菌都是病原体,因此该菌很可能与致病性相关;由于该菌是兼性胞内寄生菌,所以在胞内和胞外的细菌生存形态不同,研究其侵入人宿主细胞的机制有着重要意义;由于本组的生物学实验研究表明,该菌的侵入方式为“拉链”方式,即通过表达一些表面蛋白,并于真核细胞表面受体相互作用,该受体-配体的结合引起宿主细胞骨架发生重排、细胞膜延伸并包裹该菌,形成吞噬泡并侵入细胞,所以寻找其表达的蛋白以及受体-配体相互作用机制,是研究中的一个重点;由于目前尚未有类似特征的细菌发现,该菌的发现在具有开创新的同时又具有争议性,所以需要寻找该菌潜在的一些不显而易见的生物学意义是至关重要的。要解决上述问题,需要从整体上、根本上观察该菌的实质,从而对生物学实验的方向提供一定的指向性,挖掘潜在意义。全基因组测序是一个很好的根本方法,因为通过全基因组序列的获得,可以预测重要基因和蛋白,了解其功能和可能机制,促进潜在生物学意义的发掘。细菌基因组的全基因组测序目前已经是相当成熟的技术,随着美国能源部1994启动微生物基因组计划以来,2000后基因组测序技术的完善使得世界上细菌全基因组测序项目以平均每年近50%的增长。截至2006年5月,NCBI上已全基因组测序的细菌已达343种(株)。细菌基因组测序带来的意义和应用相当广阔。在研究病原菌的致病性与疾病的预防和治疗方面,通过全基因组测序可以鉴定致病相关基因、开发和研究疫苗、开发新型抗生素等;在生物技术的应用方面,从抗辐射到氮源利用,从生物降解到耐热酶开发带来PCR技术的诞生,从而引发分子生物学的一场革命;在研究微生物的进化方面,由于细菌间,甚至原核生物间,存在广泛的水平基因转移,所以,单个基因的进化并不等同于物种的进化,通过全基因组测序,
[Abstract]:Phenylobacterium zucineum is a facultative intracellular parasite found in a tumor cell recently. It is not only different from the known species, but also has unique biological characteristics and potential significance. Because it is parasitic in tumor cells and most of the intracellular parasites are pathogens at present, it is likely to be related to pathogenicity. Because it is a facultative intracellular parasitic bacterium, the intracellular and extracellular bacteria exist in different forms. It is of great significance to study the mechanism of its invasion into human host cells. As the biological experiments in this group have shown that the invasion mode of the bacterium is "zipper" mode, that is, by expressing some surface proteins and interacting with the surface receptors of eukaryotic cells, The binding of the receptor-ligand causes the cytoskeleton of the host cell to rearrange, and the cell membrane extends and encapsulates the bacterium, forming phagocytic vesicles and invading the cells, so we look for the protein expression and the mechanism of the receptor-ligand interaction. Is a focus of research; since no bacteria with similar characteristics have yet been found, the discovery of this bacterium is both new and controversial. So the need to look for potential biological implications of the bacterium is critical. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to observe the essence of the fungus from the whole, so as to provide certain directivity to the direction of biological experiment and to excavate the potential significance. Whole genome sequencing is a good fundamental method because it can predict important genes and proteins, understand their functions and possible mechanisms, and promote the exploration of potential biological significance through the acquisition of whole genome sequences. The whole genome sequencing of bacteria is now quite a mature technology. With the improvement of genome sequencing technology since the launch of the microbial Genome Project in 1994 by the US Department of Energy, the worldwide bacterial genome sequencing project has increased by an average of nearly 50% a year. As of May 2006, 343 species of bacteria had been sequenced in NCBI. The significance and application of bacterial genome sequencing is very wide. In studying the pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria and the prevention and treatment of diseases, we can identify the pathogenicity related genes, develop and study vaccines, develop new antibiotics and so on through the whole genome sequencing. From radiation resistance to the use of nitrogen sources, from biodegradation to the development of heat-resistant enzymes, the birth of PCR technology has led to a revolution in molecular biology; in the study of the evolution of microbes, because of bacteria and even prokaryotes, There is a wide range of horizontal gene transfer, so the evolution of a single gene is not the same as the evolution of a species, by sequencing the entire genome.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R378

【共引文献】