心理应激系统论的实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 09:48

本文选题：应激 + 系统论　；参考：《浙江大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 应激是普遍的生理心理现象。现代大量的神经生物学研究表明应激反应过程对人类神经系统的健康成长和发育至关重要。这些研究将应激反应过程分成可控性应激反应和不可控性应激反应，前者启动恰当的认知和应对模式的神经网络的固化和易化，后者消灭不恰当的认知和应对模式的神经网络，并且重组某些潜在的不恰当的行为模式的神经网络。但是过多的和过少的应激反应可以导致不同的心理发育障碍和精神障碍。自20世纪30年代以来，应激研究可以概括为以下四种模式：(1)应激是引起机体发生反应的刺激物：把应激作为自变量，重点放在探讨各种有害刺激物的性质和特征。(2)应激是机体对有害刺激的反应：将应激作为因变量加以探讨。研究重点放在有机体对刺激物的反应方面。(3)应激是应激源和应激反应间的中介变量：研究调节应激源与应激反应间相联系的中介因素。(4)应激的过程论：应激是由应激源、多种应激中介变量和应激反应组成的单向过程。近年来姜乾金教授等通过对心理应激多因素的研究，提出了“应激系统论”的理论和概念：应激是由应激源、应激反应和其它许多有关因素所构成的多因素之间相互作用、反馈调节与控制的系统。心理应激不是简单的因与果的关系或刺激与反应的过程。系统是由一个对象集合和一个建立在这些对象之间的关系集合而组成的。用符号表示时，系统可以写为一个有序偶对：S=(M，R)，其中，M和R分别为系统S的对象集和关系集。应激系统论的实证性研究需要完成两个任务：应激系统的对象集合和应激系统的关系集合。目的：拟证实或证伪应激系统论，在证实应激系统论的基础上研究应激系统论的对象集合和关系集合。方法：使用心理压力反应问卷、特质应对方式问卷、自动思维问卷、领悟社会支持量表、艾森克人格问卷、自编服刑认知评价问卷和自编一般情况问卷对580名男性服刑人员进行调查，在SPSS13.0软件、MINITAB和AMOS4.0软件的支持下作相关分析、多重线性回归分析和结构方程建模。结果：通过相关分析、回归分析和结构方程分析表明对于本研究对象男性服刑人员的应激系统的主要对象集是：艾森克人格维度的精神质维度、神经质维度、内外向维度、掩饰维度，消极应对、积极应对、负性自动思维、消极认知、家庭内支持、家庭外支持、经济因素和已服刑期。以应激反应总分为应变量，以通过单因素相关分析和等级相关分析表明本研究的可能主要对象集为自变量，进行多元逐步回归，消极应对、负性自动思维、神经质、消极认知、学历、掩饰人格(L)、精神质人格(P)7个自变量依次进入方程，预测力为70.5％。结构方程分析表明外向性人格和掩饰性人格倾向于采用积极应对策略和争取家庭外支持，掩饰性人格倾向于采用积极应对策略和争取家庭内支持，但同时也采取消极应对；神经症性人格倾向于采取消极应对策略而不倾向于采取积极应对策略，易于产生负性自动思维；精神质人格倾向于采取消极应对和产生负性自动思维。人格对应激反应没有直接的显著效应，但是对应激反应的标准化间接效应总和达0.988。社会支持对应激反应没有直接的显著效应，主要是通过降低负性自动思维和增加积极应对来缓冲应激反应。不当的应对方式对应激反应有强大的影响——消极应对方式对应激反应的标准化路径系数达0.91。消极应对对应激反应的标准化直接和间接效应总和为0.440。积极应对对消极应对没有显著的直接影响，对应激反应的标准化间接效应总和为-0.05．应对方式强烈的受到人格的影响，神经质和精神质对消极应对的标准化路径系数分别达1.08和0.44，内外向人格对积极应对的标准化路径系数达0.26。从结构上看，负性自动思维和消极认知对应激反应有强烈的直接和间接的影响，人格、社会支持、应对对应激反应的作用都得经过负性自动思维和消极认知(因为消极应对里含有消极认知成分)；从效应上看，负性自动思维对应激反应的直接和间接效应的标准化路径系数之和为0.365(没有包含消极应对里含有认知成分的作用)，负性自动思维对应激反应的标准化直接和间接效应总和为0.365，具有强有力的作用。所以无论从结构上还是从效应上，认知评价都可以看作关键性因素。应激反应对消极认知、消极应对有直接的负反馈调节作用，但是对负性自动思维没有直接的负反馈作用；消极认知对负性自动思维有直接的负反馈调节作用。家庭内支持和家庭外支持之间有正反馈调节作用，互相促进。一般性因素中经济可以直接降低负性自动思维，直接增加领悟的家庭内支持。已服刑期增加消极认知，但是已服刑期对应激反应的总效应为负。结论：应激是应激多因素相互联系、相互作用和反馈调节的系统；其中人格是核心因素，认知评价是关健因素，应对尤其消极应对是重要因素。
[Abstract]:Stress is a common physiological phenomenon . A modern large number of neurobiology studies have shown that the stress response process is essential to the healthy growth and development of the human nervous system . These studies divide the stress response process into controlled stress response and uncontrollable stress response , the former starts the neural network of proper cognition and response pattern , and recombines some potential inappropriate behavior patterns neural networks . However , too much and too little stress response can lead to different psychological developmental disorders and mental disorders .

Stress is the mediator between stress source and stress response : ( 3 ) Stress is the mediator between stress source and stress response : ( 4 ) Stress is the mediator between stress source and stress response .

In recent years , the theory and concept of " stress system theory " have been put forward by studying the multi - factor of psychological stress . Stress is the system of interaction , feedback regulation and control between stress source , stress response and many other factors . Psychological stress is not a simple process of the relationship or stimulation and reaction with fruit .

A system is composed of a collection of objects and a set of relationships built between these objects . When represented by a symbol , the system can be written as an ordered pair : S = ( M , R ) , where M and R are the set of objects and the relationship set of the system S , respectively .

The empirical research of stress system theory needs to complete two tasks : the object set of stress system and the relation set of stress system .

Objective : To validate the theory of stress system theory and to study the collection of subject and relationship of stress system theory on the basis of confirmation of stress system theory .

Methods : 580 male prisoners were investigated by using psychological stress response questionnaire , trait coping style questionnaire , automatic thinking questionnaire , comprehension social support scale , Eysenck personality questionnaire , self - editing service sentences cognitive assessment questionnaire and self - compiled general questionnaire . The correlation analysis , multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling were carried out under the support of SPSS 13.0 software , MINITAB and AMOS4.0 software .

Results : According to the correlation analysis , regression analysis and structural equation analysis , the main objects of stress system for male prisoners in this study were : the mental dimension , the neuroticism dimension , the inner and outer dimensions , the cover dimension , the negative coping , the positive response , the negative automatic thinking , the negative cognition , the family support , the family support , the economic factors and the serving time period .

Based on the correlation analysis and grade correlation analysis of single factor , the possible main object sets of this study were independent variables , multiple stepwise regression , passive coping , negative automatic thinking , neuroticism , negative cognition , education background , disguised personality ( L ) , psychoticism personality ( P ) 7 independent variables entered the equation in turn , and the predicted power was 70.5 % .

The structural equation shows that extroversion personality and disguised personality tend to adopt positive coping strategies and seek out family support , disguised personality tends to adopt positive coping strategies and seek domestic support , but at the same time negative coping is taken ;
Neurotic personality tends to take negative coping strategies , not to take active coping strategies , which is easy to generate negative automatic thinking ;
The mental personality tends to take negative coping and negative self - thinking . The personality has no direct effect on stress response , but the total indirect effect on stress response is 0.988 .

Social support has no direct effect on stress response , mainly buffering stress response by reducing negative automatic thinking and increasing positive response .

The improper response has a strong effect on the stress reaction . The normalized path coefficient of the response is 0.91 . The negative response to the normalized direct and indirect effects of the stress response is 0.440 . The positive response to the negative response has no significant direct effect , and the sum of the normalized indirect effects to the stress response is - 0.05 . The way of coping style is strongly influenced by personality , and the standardized path coefficient of neuroticism and psychoticism to passive coping is 1.08 and 0.44 , and the standardized path coefficient of extroversion personality to positive response is 0.26 .

In terms of structure , negative automatic thinking and negative cognition have strong direct and indirect effects on stress response , personality and social support .
From the effect , the sum of the positive and indirect effects of negative automatic thinking on the direct and indirect effects of stress response is 0.365 ( which does not contain the action of cognitive component in passive coping ) . The negative automatic thinking can be regarded as the key factor for the normalized direct and indirect effects of stress response .
Negative cognition has a direct negative feedback effect on negative automatic thinking . There is positive feedback regulation between family support and family support .

In general , the economy can directly reduce the negative automatic thinking and directly increase the support in the family . The probation period increases the negative cognition , but the total effect of the sentence period on the stress response is negative .

Conclusion : Stress is a system of interrelated , interactive and feedback regulation of stress factors .
Among them , personality is the core factor , the cognitive evaluation is the key factor , and it is an important factor to deal with especially negative coping .
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R395

【引证文献】