经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构的薄层断面解剖及三维可视化研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 00:33

本文选题：经鼻蝶入路 + 断面解剖　；参考：《第三军医大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着内窥镜技术的发展，其在神经外科的应用越来越广泛。为了能更好地将其应用于经鼻蝶入路手术，我们开展了经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构的薄层断面解剖及可视化研究。本实验应用可视化人体数据采集技术对头部标本进行无锯耗的低温冷冻铣切，采集经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构的断面图像，对鞍区的重点结构进行横、冠、矢三个方位观察，以期为经鼻蝶入路的鞍区手术和鞍区结构的影像学观察提供参考。分别运用Photoshop和3D-Doctor软件，对主要结构进行分割、着色，，将分割提取后的断面图像进行重建，建立了经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构计算机三维模型。利用3D-Lancet软件实现同一标本的多方位断面观测并且对经鼻蝶入路的路径进行虚拟仿真，模拟手术中的入路路径和手术方案。主要研究结果如下： 1．应用可视化人体技术，获取7套正常人体经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构的连续薄层断面图像，其中横断5套，冠状位和矢状位各1套。上述图像可为神经外科、耳鼻咽喉科、肿瘤外科和影像诊断提供解剖学基础。本课题完成了1套经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构精确分割的图像数据集。 2．在结构和器官不被扰动的条件下，从横、冠、矢三个方位对经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构进行了立体观察，进一步丰富了该区域的形态学资料，为临床提供更为全面的参考，并为建立经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构三维模型奠定了解剖学基础。 3．分别运用Photoshop和3D-Doctor软件，对筛窦、蝶窦、上颌窦、鼻中隔、中鼻甲、下鼻甲、垂体、鞍背、颈内动脉、视神经、三叉神经、展神经等结构进行了图像分割，并在计算机上用表面绘制加体绘制的方法进行了三维重建。重建结构可多结构、多色彩模式显示，在三维空间绕任意轴旋转，也可对三维结构进行透明显示、任意缩放，对有关径线进行方便的测量。 4．运用3D-Lancet软件，在计算机上显示出了经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构的冠状、矢状及任意方向的图像。 5．建立了人体经鼻蝶手术入路相关结构的数字化三维模型，采用图形加速器和课题组自行开发的可视化软件，利用软件的内窥镜功能和飞行功能实现了在三维虚拟
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of endoscopic technology, its application in neurosurgery is more and more extensive. In order to better apply it to transsphenoidal approach, we carried out a thin sectional anatomy and visualization study of the related structures of transsphenoidal approach. In this experiment, the human body data acquisition technique was used to cut the head specimen without sawing and cryopreservation, and to collect the sectional images of the related structures of the transsphenoidal approach, and to observe the key structures of the Sellar region in three directions: transverse, coronal and sagittal. So as to provide reference for the operation of Sellar region and the imaging observation of Sellar region structure through transsphenoidal approach. By using Photoshop and 3D-Doctor software, the main structures were segmented, coloring, and the segmented cross-section images were reconstructed, and the computer models of the related structures were established by transsphenoidal approach. The 3D-Lancet software is used to realize the multi-directional cross-sectional observation of the same specimen and the virtual simulation of the transsphenoidal approach is carried out to simulate the route and the operation plan in the operation. The main findings are as follows: 1. By using visual human body technique, 7 sets of continuous thin-layer sectional images of normal human transsphenoidal approach were obtained, of which 5 were transected, 1 coronal and sagittal. The above images can provide anatomical basis for neurosurgery, otolaryngology, tumor surgery and imaging diagnosis. In this paper, a set of image data sets for accurate segmentation of related structures of transsphenoidal approach is completed. 2. Under the condition that the structure and organs were not disturbed, the related structures of transsphenoidal approach were observed from transverse, coronal and sagittal directions, which further enriched the morphological data of the region and provided a more comprehensive reference for clinical practice. It also provides anatomic basis for the establishment of the three-dimensional model of transsphenoidal approach. 3. The structures of ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, maxillary sinus, nasal septum, middle turbinate, inferior turbinate, pituitary gland, dorsal saddle, internal carotid artery, optic nerve, trigeminal nerve and abductor nerve were segmented by Photoshop and 3D-Doctor software respectively. The method of surface rendering and volume rendering is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional image on the computer. The reconstructed structure can be displayed in multi-structure and multi-color mode. It can rotate around any axis in three-dimensional space. It can also display the three-dimensional structure transparently. 4. Using 3D-Lancet software, images of coronal, sagittal and arbitrary structures of transsphenoidal approach were displayed on the computer. 5. A digital 3D model of human transsphenoidal surgical approach was established. The visualization software developed by the graphics accelerator and the research group was used to realize the three-dimensional virtual system by using the endoscope function and flight function of the software.
【学位授予单位】：第三军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R322

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