心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 21:37

本文选题：胜任特征 + 胜任特征模型　；参考：《中南大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 目的本研究旨在探讨心理治疗与咨询从业人员的胜任特征模型并检验该模型，为我国心理治疗与咨询从业人员的筛选与培训提供理论依据，促进心理治疗与咨询职业化进程。方法 1．采用定性研究的方法。使用开放性问题访谈11位从事心理治疗与咨询的资深专家，对访谈文本资料进行内容分析，获取心理治疗与咨询从业人员的普遍胜任特征。 2．采用行为事件访谈法(BEI)对20位心理治疗与咨询从业人员进行访谈，按同行专家评议法将被访谈人员分为绩优组和普通组，对访谈资料进行胜任特征编码。通过对比绩优组和普通组所体现的胜任特征差异，，确定心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型。 3．根据心理治疗与咨询从业人员的胜任特征模型编制《心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征自评量表》，并检验其信效度。 4．对《心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征自评量表》实施多区域大样本测验，通过探索性因子分析和结构方程模型检验胜任特征模型。结果 1．普通组和绩优组在访谈长度上差异没有显著性(8214.00±4047.77字／9940.10±2462.64字，t=1.15，P=0.26)，在访谈时间上差异没有显著性(58.80±24.11分钟／58.80±12.60分钟，t=0，P=1)。 2．有1项胜任特征的平均等级分数与访谈文本长度相关显著(P＜0.05)，而有5项胜任特征的频次计分与访谈文本长度相关显著(P＜0.05)，有4项胜任特征的最高等级计分与访谈文本长度相关显著(P＜0.05)，说明胜任特征编码采用平均等级分数计分方式较少受访谈长度的影响，具较好的稳定性。 3．归类一致性(CA=81.11％)及组内相关系数(95.2％的ICC＞0.4)显示两位编码人员之间具有较好的评分者一致性信度。 4．在10项胜任特征上，绩优组胜任特征平均等级分数得分高于普通组，且差异具有统计学显著性(P＜0.05)，它们依次为自我认识、自信、共情、知识、概念性思考、语言表达、尊重他人、培养他人、影响力、自控力。 5．《心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征自评量表》通过探索性因子分析，保留47个项目，含8个一阶因子和2个二阶因子，分别解释总变异的52.1％和81.807％。一阶因子根据保留下来的测验项目分别命名为影响力(F1)、知识(F2)、培养他人(F3)、尊重他人(F4)、自控力(F5)、共情(F6)、自信(F7)、自我认识(F8)；二阶因子命名为知识技能(D1)和个人特质(D2)，验证了胜任特征模型。 6．结构方程模型的验证结果表明，较之一维结构，心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型的二维结构较合理，测验数据与二维模型的各拟合指数如下：NNFI为0.883，NFI为0.903，CFI为0.907，RMSEA为0.091，X~2／df为3.26。 7．《心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征自评量表》的信度检验。Cronbaehα系数在0.83-0.95之间，分半信度在0.82-0.96之间。 8．《心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征自评量表》的效度检验。内部相关分析表明，8个一阶因子与量表总分相关系数在0.260-0.732之间，2个二阶因子与量表总分相关系数分别是0.844和0.512，相关均具有统计学显著性(P＜0.01)。二阶因子“知识技能”与所属一阶因子相关较高(0.641-0.802)，而与属于另一个二阶因子的一阶因子相关较低(0.114-0.496)；反之，二阶因子“个人特质”与所属一阶因子相关较高(0.596-0.664)，而与属于“知识技能”的一阶因子相关较低(0.295-0.346)。结构方程模型的验证分析显示，测验数据与二维理论模型的各拟合指数基本达到测量学要求。 9．性别差异研究结果显示，女性从业人员与男性从业人员在影响力(F1)、知识(F2)、培养他人(F3)、尊重他人(F4)、自控力(F5)、共情(F6)、自信(F7)、自我认识(F8)等各胜任特征及胜任特征总分上均无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 1．心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型为：自我认识、自信、共情、知识、概念性思考、语言表达、尊重他人、培养他人、影响力、自控力。 2．结构方程模型进一步验证了胜任特征模型由两个维度组成，显示心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型可分为受教育影响较小的个人特质和可通过教育培养的知识技能。 3．基于行为事件访谈法(BEI)的胜任特征评价方法(CAM)是胜任特征研究的经典方法，具有可操作性、可信度高等特点，可作为构建中国文化背景下心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型的研究方法。 4．通过Cronbachα系数和分半信度的考察，表明根据心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型编制的《心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征自评量表》信度良好；通过考查量表的内容效度和结构效度，证实量表具有良好的效度。 5．探索性因子分析结果与量表编制的理论构想基本吻合，说明心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型的可靠性与稳定性。 6．心理治疗与咨询从业人员胜任特征模型可为甄选、培训心理治疗与咨询的从业人员提供理论依据和实证工具。
[Abstract]:objective
The purpose of this study is to explore the competency model of psychotherapy and consultants and to test the model. It provides a theoretical basis for the screening and training of psychotherapy and consultants in China, and promotes the process of psycho therapy and consultation professionalization.
Method
1. using the method of qualitative research, 11 senior experts engaged in psychotherapy and consultation were interviewed by the open question interview, and the content of the interview text was analyzed to obtain the general competence of psychotherapy and consultants.
2. an interview (BEI) was used to interview 20 psychotherapy and consulting employees. According to the peer expert evaluation method, the interviewees were divided into excellent group and ordinary group, and the interview data were coded. The psychological treatment and consultation Employment were determined by comparing the difference of the characteristics of the success and the general group. Personnel competency model.
3. according to the competency model of psychotherapy and consulting employees, the competency self rating scale of psychotherapy and consultant practitioners was compiled and its reliability and validity were tested.
4. the multi regional large sample test was carried out on the competency self rating scale of psychotherapy and counselling practitioners, and the competency model was tested by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation model.
Result
1. the difference in the length of interview was not significant (8214 + 4047.77 words / 9940.10 + 2462.64 words, t=1.15, P=0.26). There was no significant difference in the interview time (58.80 + 24.11 minutes / 58.80 + 12.60 minutes, t=0, P=1).
2. the average grade score of 1 competencies is significantly related to the length of interview text (P < 0.05), while the frequency score of 5 Xiang Shengren features is significantly related to the length of interview text (P < 0.05). The highest grade score of 4 competencies is significantly related to the length of interview text (P < 0.05). The number scoring method is less affected by the length of the interview and has better stability.
3. classification consistency (CA=81.11%) and intra group correlation coefficient (95.2% ICC > 0.4) showed that the two coder had better consistency reliability of raters.
4. on the 10 competencies, the scores of the average grade score of the superior group are higher than those of the ordinary group, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). They are self cognition, self-confidence, empathy, knowledge, conceptual thinking, language expression, respect for others, cultivation of his people, influence and self-control.
5.< psychological therapy and consultants' competency self rating scale (self rating scale), through exploratory factor analysis, retained 47 items, including 8 first factors and 2 two order factors, respectively, to explain the 52.1% and 81.807%. first factors of the total variation, respectively named F1, knowledge (F2), and the cultivation of others (F3), respecting. F4, F5, F6, F7, and self-awareness (F8); the two order factors are named knowledge skills (D1) and individual traits (D2), which verifies the competency model.
The results of the 6. structural equation model show that the two-dimensional structure of the competency model of psychotherapy and consultants is more reasonable than that of the one dimension structure. The fitting indices of the test data and the two-dimensional model are as follows: NNFI is 0.883, NFI is 0.903, CFI is 0.907, RMSEA is 0.091, X~2 / DF is 3.26.
The reliability of 7.< self rating scale for psychotherapy and consulting practitioners was tested. The.Cronbaeh alpha coefficient was between 0.83-0.95 and split half reliability was between 0.82-0.96.
The internal correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the 8 first factors and the total score of the scale was 0.260-0.732, the correlation coefficient of the 2 two order factors and the total score of the scale was 0.844 and 0.512 respectively, and the correlation was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The two order factor "knowledge". The correlation of skill is higher than the first order factor (0.641-0.802), and the correlation is lower (0.114-0.496) with the first order factor belonging to another two order factor (0.114-0.496); on the other hand, Nikai Innoko 's "personal trait" is related to the first order factor (0.596-0.664), and is lower (0.295-0.346) with the first order factor of "knowledge skill" (0.295-0.346). The validation of the model shows that the fitting indices of the test data and the two-dimensional theoretical model basically meet the requirements of surveying.
9. the results of gender differences showed that there were no statistical differences between female employees and men in influence (F1), knowledge (F2), other people (F4), self-control (F5), empathy (F6), self-confidence (F7), self-knowledge (F8) and other competencies (P > 0.05).
conclusion
1. the competency model of psychotherapy and counseling practitioners is self-knowledge, self-confidence, empathy, knowledge, conceptual thinking, language expression, respect for others, the cultivation of others, influence and self-control.
The 2. structural equation model further verifies that the competency model is composed of two dimensions, showing that the competency model of psychotherapy and consultants can be divided into individual traits which are less influenced by education and the knowledge skills that can be trained through education.
3. the competency assessment method (CAM) based on behavioral event interview (BEI) is the classic method of competency research. It has the characteristics of operability and credibility. It can be used as a research method for constructing the competency model of psychotherapy and consultants under Chinese cultural background.
4. through the investigation of Cronbach alpha coefficient and half credibility, it shows that according to the competency model of psychotherapy and consultants, the reliability of the self rating scale of psychological therapy and consultants is good, and the validity of the scale is proved by the content validity and structural validity of the scale.
5. the results of exploratory factor analysis are basically consistent with the theoretical conception of scale up, which illustrates the reliability and stability of the competency model of psychotherapy and consultants.
6. the competency model of psychotherapy and consulting practitioners can provide theoretical evidence and empirical tools for selection, training, psychotherapy and consultation practitioners.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R395.5

【引证文献】