我国分离株间日疟原虫传播阻断疫苗候选抗原Pvs25和Pvs28基因多态性分析

发布时间：2018-06-13 14:48

本文选题：间日疟原虫 + 传播阻断疫苗　；参考：《中国医科大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：前言疟疾是疟原虫通过媒介昆虫按蚊传播的严重威胁人类健康的寄生原虫感染性疾病。2005年《自然》杂志有一研究指出,截止到2002年,全球每年有大约5.15亿人感染疟疾,受疟疾威胁的人口数达22亿,是世界卫生组织1998年公布数字的两倍。由于耐药虫株和耐杀虫剂蚊的出现,疟疾的发病率和死亡率逐年上升,全球防疟形势面临严峻挑战。目前认为安全、廉价和有效的疟疾疫苗是控制乃至根除疟疾的重要途径,因此世界各国对疟疾疫苗的研制和开发给予了高度的关注和支持。疟疾疫苗分三大类,子孢子疫苗、红内期疫苗和传播阻断疫苗(Transmission blocking vaccines,TBVs)。TBVs是通过诱导宿主产生特异的有性期蛋白抗体,阻断疟原虫的有性期发育,从而阻止媒介昆虫按蚊把疟原虫传播给人类。其最大的优势是具有有限的抗原多态性和较强的免疫原性,与药物或其它两类疟疾疫苗联合应用可防止耐药性原虫的扩散,个体接种后会使整个流行区人群受益。 Pvs25和Pvs28作为蚊阶段虫体合子和动合子表达的主要表面蛋白,是间日疟原虫传播阻断疫苗重要的候选抗原,对间日疟原虫在蚊胃内存活、黏附和穿透发挥至关重要的作用。尽管Pfs25和Pfs28基因突变有限,与其相比,Pvs25和Pvs28基因呈现明显多态。国外学者对孟加拉株和泰国株小样本报道显示,Pvs25有5个突变位点,Pvs28有22个突变位点。抗原多态性一直是疫苗研制的主要障碍。目前认为,多态性的研究是疟疾疫苗应用于流行区之前的首要课题。我们前期实验表明疟疾中低度流行区湖北、浙江分离株Pvs25基因高度保守,湖北分离株Pvs28基因突变有限。本文预进一步研究疟疾中低度流行区浙江分离株Pvs28和高发区云南分离株Pvs25/28基因多态性,检测基因突变程度,比较不同流行区之间Pvs25/28突变程度,预测基因突变与
[Abstract]:Foreword

Malaria is a serious threat to human health through the mosquito - borne spread of malaria parasites . In 2005 , the World Health Organization published a research note that , as of 2002 , about 150 million people were infected with malaria every year , and the number of malaria - threatened populations was double that of the World Health Organization in 1998 . As a result of the emergence of drug - resistant strains and insecticide - resistant mosquitoes , malaria incidence and mortality increased year - by - year , and the global malaria situation faced serious challenges . At present , it is considered safe , cheap and effective malaria vaccine to control and eradicate malaria . Therefore , the countries of the world have given high attention and support to the development and development of malaria vaccines .

The malaria vaccine is divided into three major classes , a sporozoite vaccine , a red inner phase vaccine , and a transmission blocking vaccine ( TBVs ) . TBVs is used to prevent the spread of drug - resistant protozoans by inducing host to produce specific reactive protein antibodies , thus preventing the spread of drug - resistant protozoan in combination with drugs or other two types of malaria vaccine , which will benefit the entire epidemic area population .

Pvs25 and Pvs28 ( Pvs25 and Pvs28 ) , as the main surface proteins for the expression of zygotes and actin in mosquitoes , play a crucial role in the survival , adhesion and penetration of P & Pfs25 and Pvs28 genes . Although Pfs25 and Pfs28 gene mutations are limited , the Pvs25 and Pvs28 genes play a very important role . The study shows that Pvs25 has 5 mutation sites , and Pvs28 has 22 mutation sites .

The results showed that Pvs25 gene was highly conserved in the low prevalence area of malaria , the Pvs25 gene was highly conserved in Zhejiang isolates , and the Pvs28 gene mutation was limited in Hubei isolates .
【学位授予单位】：中国医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R392

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