大鼠乳腺干细胞形态学和免疫组织化学研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 03:22

本文选题：乳腺 + 干细胞　；参考：《第一军医大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：哺乳动物的乳腺是一种复管泡状腺，具有分泌乳汁的功能；是动物出生后唯一可以多次重复再生的器官。因为乳腺细胞的增殖和分化始终贯穿于乳腺发育及泌乳过程中，，人们在细胞水平上进行了大量的乳腺上皮细胞增殖及分化的研究。研究发现，在乳腺细胞分化过程中，往往由于高度分化而完全失去再生能力，最终导致细胞的衰老死亡。乳腺在发育进化过程中为了补偿这一不足，保留了一部分未分化的原始细胞，称为乳腺干细胞。一旦需要，这些干细胞可按照一定途径通过分裂而产生分化细胞。早在1959年，DeOme等人研究证实，乳腺组织块移植到去除乳腺腺上皮的小鼠乳脂垫中可以再生小鼠乳腺。进一步的移植研究也表明多向分化潜能的乳腺上皮细胞具有自我复制的能力，且可以维持到第7次移植。1999年，Chepko和Smith研究证实，乳腺中存在一个类乳腺干细胞系(lineage)，正是这些乳腺干细胞才保证了哺乳动物的乳腺在怀孕生产过程中乳腺再生，泌乳和退化周期的维持。由于乳腺自身发育的特殊性，以及异常分化与乳腺肿瘤的关系，乳腺是研究器官发生、细胞分化、器官修复再生等机理非常合适的模型。目前对乳腺干细胞的研究仍在起步阶段，许多问题尚待解决，例如还没有确定乳腺干细胞的特异性标记。成体乳腺干细胞数量稀少，如果对它无法进行辨别和鉴定，那么分离出纯化的乳腺干细胞，在体外培养诱导转化为所需的功能
[Abstract]:Mammal mammary gland is a vesicular gland with the function of milk secretion. It is the only organ that can be regenerated many times after birth. Because the proliferation and differentiation of mammary gland cells throughout the breast development and lactation process, people have carried out a large number of breast epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation at the cell level. It is found that in the process of breast cell differentiation, the regeneration ability is completely lost due to high differentiation, which leads to cell senescence and death. In order to compensate for this deficiency in the development and evolution of the mammary gland, some undifferentiated primitive cells, called mammary stem cells, are retained. Once needed, these stem cells can divide in a certain way to produce differentiated cells. As early as 1959, DeOme et al confirmed that mammary gland could be regenerated by transplanting mammary tissue into mouse milk fat pad which removed glandular epithelium of mammary gland. Further transplantation studies have also shown that breast epithelial cells with multiple differentiation potential have the ability to replicate themselves and can be maintained until the seventh transplant. The 1999 Chepko and Smith studies confirmed that, The existence of a mammary stem cell line (lineage), in the mammary gland is responsible for the maintenance of breast regeneration, lactation and degenerative cycle in mammary glands during pregnancy and childbirth. Because of the particularity of mammary gland development and the relationship between abnormal differentiation and breast tumor, mammary gland is a very suitable model for studying the mechanism of organogenesis, cell differentiation, organ repair and regeneration. At present, the research of mammary stem cells is still in its infancy, many problems remain to be solved, for example, the specific marker of mammary stem cells has not been determined. The number of adult mammary stem cells is scarce. If it cannot be identified and identified, purified mammary stem cells can be isolated and transformed into the desired function in vitro.
【学位授予单位】：第一军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R329

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