大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为类肝细胞的实验研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 16:55

本文选题：骨髓间充质干细胞 + 分离培养　；参考：《第一军医大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：研究背景目前，肝炎、感染、创伤、肿瘤等引起的晚期终末肝衰竭的患者越来越多，对于肝衰竭或肝功能支持替代方法成为临床的一大难题。现在的临床治疗方法包括肝脏移植、肝细胞移植、肝脏干细胞移植。其中原位肝移植是治疗急性肝功能衰竭、终末期肝病、代谢性肝病最为有效的方法，但是由于其供体来源极其有限，技术要求高，经济费用大，很难满足众多患者需要，许多患者在痛苦的等待中死亡。肝细胞移植也开展了数十年，其操作简单，价格便宜，曾经颇为流行，但由于其供体缺乏和免疫排斥反应问题而影响到进一步的发展。肝脏干细胞是近几年研究的热点，由于其来源于自体而没有移植后的免疫排斥反应，是合适的肝脏损伤后肝衰竭的移植物并有望成为一种新的临床方法。但经过研究发现，肝脏本身干细胞的数量极其微少，并且其在体外增殖较为困难，限制了这个研究的发展前景。骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs)在一定条件下可以定向分化成为某种成体干细胞、成体细胞或者横向分化为多种组织细胞的潜力被证实了，因而备受人们关注，又有研究发现：它可能是肝脏干细胞的来源之一，也有证据表明MSCs在肝脏损伤的修复中起到非常重要的作用。在此过程中，MSCs的分离、培养和性质鉴定等方面的研究取得了一定进展。骨髓干细胞是成体干细胞中的主要来源部分，它主要由间充质干细胞与造血干细胞组成。造血干细胞在胚胎早期具有分化成内、中、外三个胚层的潜能，以后
[Abstract]:Background at present, there are more and more patients with terminal liver failure caused by hepatitis, infection, trauma, tumor, etc. Alternative methods for liver failure or liver function support have become a major clinical problem. Current clinical treatments include liver transplantation, liver cell transplantation, and liver stem cell transplantation. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective method for the treatment of acute liver failure, end-stage liver disease and metabolic liver disease. However, because of its extremely limited donor sources, high technical requirements and high economic costs, it is difficult to meet the needs of many patients. Many patients die in painful waiting. Hepatocyte transplantation has been carried out for decades. Its operation is simple, cheap and popular, but its development is affected by donor shortage and immune rejection. Liver stem cells (HSCs) have been a hot topic in recent years. Because of their autologous origin and no immune rejection after transplantation, liver stem cells are suitable grafts for liver failure after liver injury and are expected to become a new clinical method. However, it is found that the number of stem cells in liver itself is very small, and it is difficult to proliferate in vitro, which limits the development of this study. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) can be differentiated into some adult stem cells under certain conditions. The potential of adult cells or transversely differentiated into a variety of tissue cells has been confirmed. Some studies have found that MSCs may be one of the sources of liver stem cells, and there is also evidence that MSCs play a very important role in the repair of liver injury. Some progress has been made in isolation, culture and characterization of MSCs. Bone marrow stem cells are the main source of adult stem cells, which are mainly composed of mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into three endosperm, middle and outer layers in the early embryonic stage.
【学位授予单位】：第一军医大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R329.2

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