人精子活力试验在IVF实验室培养环境的质量控制及冷冻方法中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 11:39

【摘要】：辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)是世界上近20年、我国近10多年发展起来的一门多学科交叉的新领域。这个领域的开辟和发展不仅为人类探索生殖奥妙、实现生殖的自我调控、促进生殖科技的进步提供了坚实的理论与物质基础,更重要的是为全世界不孕不育夫妇带来了生育希望,使诸多不孕家庭有了他们自己的孩子。辅助生殖技术从最初的人工受精发展到目前几乎家喻户晓的试管婴儿即体外受精-胚胎移植(In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer,IVF-ET)、卵母细胞浆内单精子注射(Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection,ICSI)、植入前遗传学诊断(Preimplantation Genetic Diagnoses,PGD)及其衍生技术:胚胎冷冻、生殖细胞冷冻、多胎减胎术等,使人类受益匪浅。但因通过辅助生殖技术得到的受孕率只有30～50%,远不能满足不孕症病人的需要。因此,提高受孕率便成了国内外生殖医学临床医生与实验室胚胎学家共同努力的方向。影响受孕率的因素很多,其中胚胎培养环境是很关键的环节。实验室是辅助生殖技术孕育早期胚胎的主要场所,应该无菌、无毒、无污染,因为受精卵和早期胚胎对微环境的变化十分敏感。为了创造理想的培养环境,近年来国外开展辅助生殖技术较早的国家推出了一系列严格的管理制度并实施了有效的实验室质量控制方法来监测培养环境;冷冻精液已成为人类长期保存精子的最好方法,现代辅助生殖助孕中的很多技术需要用冻精使卵子受精,但冷冻复温后的精子存活率及受精能力均较新鲜精液低,在一定程度上影响了临床受孕率。如何使长期保存的精子质
[Abstract]:Assisted reproductive technology (assisted reproductive technology,ART) is a new multi-disciplinary field which has been developed for nearly 20 years and more than 10 years in China. The opening and development of this field not only provides a solid theoretical and material basis for human beings to explore the mystery of reproduction, realize the self-regulation of reproduction, and promote the progress of reproductive science and technology. What's more, it brings hope to infertile couples all over the world, so that many infertile families have their own children. Assisted reproduction technology has developed from initial artificial insemination to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer,IVF-ET), oocyte intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection,ICSI), which is now almost a household name. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnoses,PGD) and its derived techniques, such as embryo freezing, germ cell freezing, multiple embryo reduction, and so on, have greatly benefited human beings. But because the fertility rate obtained by assisted reproductive technology is only 30%, it is far from meeting the needs of infertile patients. Therefore, increasing pregnancy rate has become the direction of clinical and laboratory embryologists in reproductive medicine at home and abroad. There are many factors affecting the pregnancy rate, and the embryo culture environment is a key link. The laboratory is the main place for assisted reproductive technology to breed early embryos. It should be sterile, non-toxic and pollution-free, because fertilized eggs and early embryos are sensitive to changes in microenvironment. In order to create an ideal culture environment, in recent years, foreign countries that developed assisted reproductive technology have introduced a series of strict management systems and implemented effective laboratory quality control methods to monitor the culture environment. Frozen semen has become the best way to preserve sperm for a long time. Many of the modern assisted reproductive techniques need to fertilize the egg with frozen sperm, but the survival rate and fertilization ability of frozen and reheated sperm are lower than that of fresh semen. To some extent, it affects the clinical pregnancy rate. How to make long-term preserved spermatozoa
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R321-33

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