金黄色葡萄球菌的分布及其肠毒素基因的研究

发布时间：2018-12-24 14:31

【摘要】： 金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)是引起细菌性食物中毒的重要病原菌之一。广泛存在于自然环境中，对各种理化因素都有较高的抵抗力。在美国由金葡菌引起的食物中毒占整个细菌性食物中毒的比例约为33％，，加拿大约占45％，某些欧洲国家如匈牙利、芬兰等占5096以上，我国每年由金葡菌引起的食物中毒事件也是屡见不鲜。本文通过对采自人的化脓组织、理发用具、动物粪便、生鲜奶、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、空气、水等350样品。进行了金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定，金黄色葡萄球菌的总检出率为19.71％，进而证实了该地区金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率偏高，同时也表明保定市及其周遍地区金葡菌的污染程度较高，值得注意。研究金黄色葡萄球菌的分布状况，发现理发用具中该菌的检出率最高，表明人的金葡菌带菌率很高。在所有食品检样中，生鲜奶中金葡菌的检出率最高，说明该菌污染奶的机率较大，应该重视奶制品的质量问题，以免引起食源性疾病的爆发。从空气也检出了金葡菌，体现了金葡菌分布广泛这一特点，因此对该菌的防治是非常重要的。金葡菌引起的食物中毒主要是由于进食了含有金葡菌肠毒素的食物。目前，金葡菌肠毒素按血清学分型可分为14型(A、B、C、D、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O)。爆发性食物中毒中最常见的血清型是A、B和E型。本试验设计合成SEA、SEB、SEE金黄色葡萄球菌致病基因引物，进行PCR鉴定，进而研究金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的分布状况。在分离得到的159株金黄色葡萄球菌中，有39株菌至少含有肠毒素SEA、SEB、SEE中的一种。其中含SEA基因的菌株有17株，含SEB基因的菌株有20株，含SEE基因的菌株有7株；含SEA、SEB两种基因的菌株有4株，含SEA、SEE两种基因的菌株有1株。本研究表明，所分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的带毒率较高。有待于进一步调查我国人群、家畜及食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况及该病原菌的流行情况，为金葡菌病的监控、爆发流行的检测以及追踪污染源提供依据。
[Abstract]:Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) is one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial food poisoning. It widely exists in natural environment and has high resistance to various physical and chemical factors. In the United States, the proportion of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is about 33 percent of the total bacterial food poisoning, while that of Canada is about 45. Some European countries such as Hungary and Finland account for more than 5096. Food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is common in China every year. In this paper, 350 samples of pyogenic tissue, barber, animal feces, fresh milk, pork, beef, mutton, air and water were collected. The total detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 19.71, which confirmed the high detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in this area. It also shows that the contamination degree of Staphylococcus aureus in Baoding city and its surrounding areas is high, which is worthy of attention. By studying the distribution of Staphylococcus aureus, it was found that the positive rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest in barber utensils, which indicated that the rate of carrying Staphylococcus aureus was very high. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh milk is the highest among all food samples, which indicates that the contamination rate of milk is high, and the quality of dairy products should be paid more attention to, so as to avoid the outbreak of foodborne diseases. Staphylococcus aureus was also detected from the air, reflecting the wide distribution of Staphylococcus aureus, so it is very important to control the bacteria. The food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is mainly caused by ingestion of food containing enterotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus. At present, the enterotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus can be classified into 14 types according to serological typing. The most common serotypes in outbreaks of food poisoning are Agna B and E types. In this experiment, primers were designed and synthesized for SEA,SEB,SEE Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity gene, and the distribution of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin gene was studied by PCR. Of the 159 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 39 strains contained at least one of the enterotoxin SEA,SEB,SEE. There were 17 strains with SEA gene, 20 strains with SEB gene, 7 strains with SEE gene, 4 strains with SEA,SEB gene and 1 strain with SEA,SEE gene. This study shows that the isolated Staphylococcus aureus has a high rate of carrying virus. Further investigation of Staphylococcus aureus contamination and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Chinese population, livestock and food is needed to provide basis for surveillance of Staphylococcus aureus disease, detection of outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus and tracing of pollution sources.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R378

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