布依族体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究
发布时间：2019-01-26 09:26
【摘要】：目前,国内外有关体质人类学和人类群体遗传学方面的研究资料已有很多。布依族是我国南方的少数民族。关于布依族体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究文献目前尚未见报道。为此,作者于2003年8月赴贵州省黔南地区对当地布依族成人及高中生体质人类学和群体遗传学项目的进行了调查。共调查了布依族成年人494例(男为259例,女为235例)的67项体质指标,其中包括58项测量项目和9项观察项目。同时还调查了高中生320例(男172例,女148例)的25项人类群体遗传学特征指标。 研究结果表明:(1) 布依族的体质特征为:上眼睑皱褶出现率高,蒙古褶出现率低,鼻根男多为中等型,女多为低型。鼻翼高度多为中等。多为圆形耳垂。发色多为黑色,眼色多为褐色。男性多为黄色肤色,女性多为浅黄色肤色。圆头型、高头型、阔头型、阔面型、中鼻型、中躯干型、中腿型、中胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型出现率最高。男身高均值为158.6cm,女身高均值为149.4cm。(2) 与我国30个人群体质特征进行比较。聚类分析结果表明:布依族具有我国南方人群的体质特征,与苗族(海南)、彝族、水族、拉祜族体质较为接近。主成分分析结果表明:布依族与水族、侗族体质特征较为接近。(3) 从围度的整体变化曲线看,布依族成人身体围度诸指标的最大值集中出现在中年。在各年龄组中,头围均数变化较小,胸围、腹围、臀围、上臂围、前臂围、上臂最大围、大腿围、小腿围均数变化很大。(4) 布依族男女群体的最大体重都在中年。在各年龄组中,体重均数变化较大;体部的长度值(身高、髂前上棘点高、坐高、上肢长、下肢长)的均数变化也较大,而宽度值(肩宽、骨盆宽)变化则较小;头面部项目(头长、面宽、耳上头高)的均数亦变化较小。(5) 男女同年龄组间对应比较皮褶厚度值,总体看来,女性高于男性;布依族人6项皮褶随年龄的增加,其厚度变化不大,其中男性表现尤为明显。(6) 布依族男性与女性平均体型均为偏内胚层的中胚层体型,其体型介于南方人群和北方人群之间。(7) 布依族有内眦褶率较低,有上眼睑皱褶率较高,铲型门齿率中等偏高,凸鼻梁率中等水平,宽鼻孔率较高,突型下颏率中等偏高,有耳垂率中等偏低,额头发际有尖率较低,卷发率较低。(8) 布依族直型拇指、环指长、长型指甲、拇趾长的特征出现率均大于50%。(9) 布依族不对称行为特征结果显示:7项指标的出现率R型(右型)远高于L型(左型);7项指标间多数存在相关性,且R—R型组合(右型—右型)的出现频率远高于L—L型组合(左型—左型)的出现频率。(10) 布依族卷舌基因与翻舌、三叶舌基因间存在互作关系,翻舌基因与叠舌、尖舌基因间存在互作关系。
[Abstract]:At present, there are many researches on physical anthropology and human population genetics at home and abroad. The Buyi ethnic group is a minority in the south of China. The literature on physical anthropology and human population genetics of Buyi nationality has not been reported. Therefore, in August 2003, the author went to Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, to investigate the physical anthropology and population genetics projects of local Buyi adults and high school students. A total of 67 physical indexes of 494 adults (259 males and 235 females) of Buyi nationality were investigated, including 58 items of measurement and 9 items of observation. At the same time, 25 items of human population genetic characteristics were investigated in 320 high school students (172 males and 148 females). The results showed that: (1) the physical characteristics of Buyi nationality were as follows: the upper eyelid fold rate was high, the Mongolian fold rate was low, the nasal root male was medium type, and the female was mostly low type. Most of the alar height is medium. Mostly round earlobes. The hair color is black, the eye color is brown mostly. Men are mostly yellow, while women are mostly yellowish. Round head type, high head type, broad face type, middle nose type, middle trunk type, middle leg type, middle chest type, wide shoulder type and broad pelvis type have the highest occurrence rate. The mean height of male was 158.6 cm and that of female was 149.4 cm. (2) the average height of male was compared with that of 30 people in China. The result of cluster analysis shows that Buyi nationality has the physique characteristics of southern Chinese people, which is close to that of Miao nationality (Hainan), Yi nationality, Shui nationality and Lahu nationality. The results of principal component analysis showed that the physique characteristics of Buyi nationality, Shui nationality and Dong nationality were close. (3) from the overall variation curve of circumference, the maximum values of body circumference of Buyi adults appeared mainly in middle age. In each age group, the mean change of head circumference is small, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, upper arm maximum circumference, thigh circumference and shank circumference mean number change greatly. (4) the largest body weight of Buyi men and women is in middle age. In each age group, the mean of body weight changed greatly, and the mean of body length (height, height of anterior superior iliac spine, sitting height, length of upper limb, length of lower extremity) also changed greatly, while the value of width (width of shoulder, width of pelvis) was smaller. The average of head length, face width and ear height also changed slightly. (5) the skinfold thickness of male and female was higher than that of male. The thickness of 6 items of skin fold in Buyi nationality is not changed with the increase of age, especially in men. (6) the average body size of Buyi nationality men and women is mesoderm type of ectoderm. (7) Buyi people have lower inner canthus fold rate, higher upper eyelid fold rate, higher shovel type gentgear rate, middle convex nose beam rate and higher wide nostril rate. The chin rate of protruding type is medium high, the rate of earlobe is medium low, the hair tip rate of forehead is low, and the hair curling rate is low. (8) straight thumb of Buyi nationality, ring finger length, long nail, The occurrence rate of hallux length was higher than that of 50%. (9) the results of asymmetric behavior of Buyi nationality showed that the occurrence rate of 7 indexes was higher in R (right) than in L (left); Most of the 7 indexes were correlated with each other, and the occurrence frequency of R-R type combination (right-right type) was much higher than that of L-L type combination (left-left type). There was interaction among the genes of clover tongue, and between the genes of tongue inversion and the genes of overlapping tongue and sharp tongue.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：Q983;Q987
本文编号：2415349
[Abstract]:At present, there are many researches on physical anthropology and human population genetics at home and abroad. The Buyi ethnic group is a minority in the south of China. The literature on physical anthropology and human population genetics of Buyi nationality has not been reported. Therefore, in August 2003, the author went to Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, to investigate the physical anthropology and population genetics projects of local Buyi adults and high school students. A total of 67 physical indexes of 494 adults (259 males and 235 females) of Buyi nationality were investigated, including 58 items of measurement and 9 items of observation. At the same time, 25 items of human population genetic characteristics were investigated in 320 high school students (172 males and 148 females). The results showed that: (1) the physical characteristics of Buyi nationality were as follows: the upper eyelid fold rate was high, the Mongolian fold rate was low, the nasal root male was medium type, and the female was mostly low type. Most of the alar height is medium. Mostly round earlobes. The hair color is black, the eye color is brown mostly. Men are mostly yellow, while women are mostly yellowish. Round head type, high head type, broad face type, middle nose type, middle trunk type, middle leg type, middle chest type, wide shoulder type and broad pelvis type have the highest occurrence rate. The mean height of male was 158.6 cm and that of female was 149.4 cm. (2) the average height of male was compared with that of 30 people in China. The result of cluster analysis shows that Buyi nationality has the physique characteristics of southern Chinese people, which is close to that of Miao nationality (Hainan), Yi nationality, Shui nationality and Lahu nationality. The results of principal component analysis showed that the physique characteristics of Buyi nationality, Shui nationality and Dong nationality were close. (3) from the overall variation curve of circumference, the maximum values of body circumference of Buyi adults appeared mainly in middle age. In each age group, the mean change of head circumference is small, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, upper arm maximum circumference, thigh circumference and shank circumference mean number change greatly. (4) the largest body weight of Buyi men and women is in middle age. In each age group, the mean of body weight changed greatly, and the mean of body length (height, height of anterior superior iliac spine, sitting height, length of upper limb, length of lower extremity) also changed greatly, while the value of width (width of shoulder, width of pelvis) was smaller. The average of head length, face width and ear height also changed slightly. (5) the skinfold thickness of male and female was higher than that of male. The thickness of 6 items of skin fold in Buyi nationality is not changed with the increase of age, especially in men. (6) the average body size of Buyi nationality men and women is mesoderm type of ectoderm. (7) Buyi people have lower inner canthus fold rate, higher upper eyelid fold rate, higher shovel type gentgear rate, middle convex nose beam rate and higher wide nostril rate. The chin rate of protruding type is medium high, the rate of earlobe is medium low, the hair tip rate of forehead is low, and the hair curling rate is low. (8) straight thumb of Buyi nationality, ring finger length, long nail, The occurrence rate of hallux length was higher than that of 50%. (9) the results of asymmetric behavior of Buyi nationality showed that the occurrence rate of 7 indexes was higher in R (right) than in L (left); Most of the 7 indexes were correlated with each other, and the occurrence frequency of R-R type combination (right-right type) was much higher than that of L-L type combination (left-left type). There was interaction among the genes of clover tongue, and between the genes of tongue inversion and the genes of overlapping tongue and sharp tongue.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：Q983;Q987
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 李桂玲;中国五个民族身高的比较遗传学研究[D];东北师范大学;2007年
，本文编号：2415349
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/yixuelunwen/binglixuelunwen/2415349.html
最近更新
教材专著
