支气管哮喘病人心理干预的探讨

发布时间：2019-05-25 00:24

【摘要】：研究目的:分析心理社会因素对支气管哮喘的影响,探讨对支气管哮喘患者心理干预的方法和疗效。研究方法:将 60 例成人支气管哮喘住院患者根据入院先后顺序随机分为两组,每组 30 例,在常规治疗的同时对干预组实施心理干预,干预措施为哮喘知识教育、放松技术训练、呼吸技术训练、个别心理疏导。干预前分别对两组患者进行一般情况和哮喘疾病知识的问卷调查,进行心理指标的测量:焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和艾森克人格量表(EPQ),并测定生理指标峰流速值(PEF)和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2),干预后(出院时)再次对哮喘疾病知识、SAS、SDS、PEF、SaO2 指标进行复测,观察两组的疗效,分析影响疗效的因素。研究结果:(1)干预组与非干预组患者入院时一般情况和哮喘疾病知识、人格(E、N、P、L)、SAS、SDS、PEF、SaO2指标无统计学差异(p0.05)。(2)60 例患者的艾森克人格量表结果显示:与正常人比较哮喘患者的性格偏内向(p0.005),情绪不稳定人数的比例远远高于正常人群(p0.005)。哮喘患者具有内向倾向和情绪不稳的特点。(3)入院时 60例患者 SAS 与 SDS 的均分均高于国内常模(p0.001)。(4)治疗后干预组和非干预组的心理、生理指标、疾病知识、平均住院天数等各项指标均具有统计学意义(p0.05)。(5)影响肺功能和动脉血氧饱和度的因素:抑郁焦虑情绪、心理干预、个性特征、疾病知识、病情严重程度。研究结论:个性特征、情绪状态等心理社会因素对支气管哮喘的发病和转归作用较明显,在常规治疗的同时辅以心理干预,能够有效减轻抑郁、焦虑症状,缓解心理压力,稳定情绪,使哮喘发作快速控制,疗效显著。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the effect of psychosocial factors on bronchial asthma and to explore the method and curative effect of psychological intervention in patients with bronchial asthma. Methods: 60 adult patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into two groups according to the order of admission, 30 cases in each group. Psychological intervention was carried out in the intervention group at the same time of routine treatment. The intervention measures were asthma knowledge education and relaxation technical training. Respiratory training, individual psychological counseling. Before the intervention, the general situation and asthma disease knowledge of the two groups were investigated by questionnaire, and the psychological indexes were measured: self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Eisenke personality scale (EPQ), The peak velocity (PEF) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of physiological indexes were measured. After intervention (when discharged from hospital), the knowledge of asthma diseases and SAS,SDS,PEF,SaO2 indexes were re-measured, the curative effect of the two groups was observed, and the factors affecting the curative effect were analyzed. Results: (1) General condition of patients in intervention group and non-intervention group at admission and knowledge of asthma disease, personality (E, N, P, L), SAS,SDS,PEF, There was no significant difference in SaO2 index (p0.05). (2). The results of Eysenck Personality scale in 60 patients showed that the personality of asthma patients was introverted compared with that of normal subjects (p0.005). The proportion of people with emotional instability was much higher than that of the normal population (p0.005). Asthma patients have the characteristics of introverted tendency and emotional instability. (3) the average scores of SAS and SDS in 60 patients at admission were higher than those in the domestic norm (p0.001). (4) after treatment, the psychological, physiological indexes and disease knowledge of the intervention group and the non-intervention group were higher than those of the intervention group and the non-intervention group. The factors influencing pulmonary function and arterial oxygen saturation were statistically significant (p0.05). (5), such as depression and anxiety, psychological intervention, personality characteristics, disease knowledge and severity of the disease. Conclusion: personality characteristics, emotional state and other psycho-social factors have obvious effect on the incidence and prognosis of bronchial asthma. Combined with routine treatment and psychological intervention, it can effectively reduce depression, anxiety and psychological stress. Stabilize the mood, make the asthma attack control quickly, the curative effect is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R395

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