小鼠卡介苗新生期接种和呼吸道合胞病毒感染对免疫状态和实验性哮喘的影响

发布时间：2019-06-10 06:29

【摘要】：背景与目的哮喘是慢性气道免疫性炎症,以气道淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞浸润、气道高反应性、粘液产生增加为特征。其发病率在过去的几十年间在全球范围内呈逐步上升态势,尤其在工业化国家已经成为一个重要的公共健康问题。我国儿童哮喘的发病情况亦不容乐观,0～14 岁儿童哮喘患病率 1990 年到 2000 年 10 年间从0.78 %上升到 2.06 % ,增加了 1.6 倍。“卫生假说”认为在西方国家由于公共卫生设施的改善、疫苗及抗生素的使用,感染发生率降低,微生物对免疫系统的刺激作用减弱造成了哮喘等变应性疾病发生率大幅度升高,但其中涉及的机制尚不清楚。根据“卫生假说”接种卡介苗(BCG)有可能预防哮喘的发生。尽管动物实验结果一致显示了 BCG 明显的抗哮喘作用,但在人类的研究存在争议。我国儿童新生儿期普遍接种 BCG,儿童哮喘发病率却呈上升趋势,提示接种 BCG 能够预防哮喘这种观点存在不足之处。另外呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)是婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的主要病毒病原之一,与儿童哮喘的发生密切相关。为此我们设想 BCG 接种对哮喘的保护作用可能被 RSV 感染所消除,这样即可以解释 BCG 接种对哮喘保护作用在动物和人的差异,又可以部分地解释我国儿童普遍接种 BCG 为什
[Abstract]:Background & objective Asthma is a chronic airway immune inflammation characterized by airway lymphocytes, eosinophils infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness and increased mucus production. Its incidence has been on the rise all over the world in the past few decades, especially in industrialized countries, which has become an important public health problem. The incidence of asthma in Chinese children is not optimistic. From 1990 to 2000, the prevalence of asthma in children aged 14 years old increased from 0.78% to 2.06%, an increase of 1.6 times. According to the Health hypothesis, the incidence of infection has decreased in Western countries as a result of improved public health facilities and the use of vaccines and antibiotics. The weakening of microbial stimulation to the immune system has led to a significant increase in the incidence of allergic diseases such as asthma, but the mechanism involved is not clear. According to the Health hypothesis, BCG vaccination with (BCG) may prevent asthma. Although the results of animal experiments have consistently shown the obvious anti-asthma effect of BCG, the study in humans is controversial. However, the incidence of asthma in children inoculated with BCG, in neonatal period in China is on the rise, suggesting that vaccination with BCG can prevent asthma. In addition, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, which is closely related to the occurrence of asthma in children. Therefore, we assume that the protective effect of BCG vaccination on asthma may be eliminated by RSV infection, which can explain the difference of protective effect of BCG vaccination on asthma between animals and humans, and partly explain why BCG is widely vaccinated in children in China.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R392

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