2014-2016年长沙市辖区内麻疹消除进展的病原学监测结果分析

发布时间：2018-07-04 12:11

本文选题：麻疹 + 病原学监测　；参考：《现代预防医学》2017年16期

【摘要】：目的了解2014-2016年长沙市辖区内麻疹流行特征,为消除麻疹提供依据和参考。方法采用描述性方法对2014-2016年长沙市辖区内麻疹实验室确诊病例进行流行病学特征分析,讨论麻疹消除措施与策略。结果 2014-2016年共检测905份麻疹疑似病例咽拭子,麻疹病毒核酸阳性367例,阳性率为40.55%。2014-2016年报告疑似麻疹病例数分别为456、232、217例,呈逐年下降趋势,实验室检测麻疹病毒核酸阳性率分别为25.66%、51.72%、59.91%,呈上升趋势;每年3-7月为麻疹高发期,2016年麻疹发病时间有前移的现象,年初快速上升,4月份达到高峰,然后逐渐下降,12月出现明显上升;长沙城区比近郊多发;麻疹病毒核酸阳性病例人群中有53.13%未接种含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles-Containing Vaccine,MCV),已接种MCV的只占5.54%,MCV免疫史不详的占10.08%。其中8~23月龄婴儿在麻疹病毒核酸阳性病例中比例最高,占45.23%。结论 2014-2016年报告麻疹疑似病例数呈下降趋势,麻疹消除工作取得较大进展。在坚持执行当前麻疹策略前提下,应加强对麻疹免疫薄弱地区和易感人群的麻疹监测,制定MCV补种策略,达到完全消除麻疹的目的。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Changsha City from 2014 to 2016, and to provide basis and reference for eliminating measles. Methods Epidemiological characteristics of laboratory confirmed measles cases in Changsha City from 2014-2016 were analyzed by descriptive method. The measures and strategies of measles elimination were discussed. Results A total of 905 suspected measles cases were detected in 2014-2016, 367 of which were positive for nucleic acid of measles virus, and the positive rate was 40.55. 456232217 suspected measles cases were reported in 2014-2016, which showed a decreasing trend year by year. The positive rate of nucleic acid of measles virus detected in laboratory is 25.66% and 51.72% respectively, showing an upward trend. It is a period of high incidence of measles in March and July of each year, and the incidence of measles has moved forward in 2016. The rapid increase in the beginning of the year and the peak in April were observed. In Changsha, 53.13% of the people with positive nucleic acid of measles virus were not vaccinated with measles vaccine (MCV), and only 5.54% had been inoculated with MCV, and only 10.08% had not been vaccinated with MCV. Among them, 8 ~ 23 months old infants had the highest proportion of measles virus nucleic acid positive cases, accounting for 45.23% of measles virus nucleic acid positive cases. Conclusion the number of suspected measles cases reported in 2014-2016 is decreasing, and measles elimination has made great progress. Under the premise of carrying out the current measles strategy, we should strengthen the surveillance of measles in the areas with weak measles immunization and the susceptible population, and formulate the supplementary vaccination strategy of MCV, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating measles completely.
【作者单位】：湖南省长沙市疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：基金项目:长沙地区麻疹患者病毒野毒株型与疫苗株型感染情况的分子流行病学调查及麻疹消除阶段的实验室评估(B2014-153)
【分类号】：R511.1

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