母乳营养成分含量的测定

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:07

本文关键词：母乳营养成分含量的测定　出处：《苏州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：探讨母乳分析仪(Human Milk Analyzer,HMA)测定母乳中各营养成分含量可行性；了解母乳中各营养成分在不同泌乳期的含量，同时研究母乳中各营养成分含量的影响因素以及与乳母膳食之间的关系，为提高母乳质量和指导母乳喂养提供科学依据。方法：根据知情同意、自愿参加的原则，随机抽取产后1天至9个月的乳母进行横向调查，采集母乳标本，统一采用“宏扬HMA2000型母乳分析仪”测定母乳标本各营养成分含量，进行母乳分析仪误差控制实验；同时对入选乳母进行一般人口学资料及孕期和哺乳期生活情况进行调查，并进行乳母膳食调查。结果：（1）母乳分析仪测定蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、矿物质、水份、能量、密度的最低检测限依次为0.30g/L、2.20g/L、2.00g/L、0.06g/L、708.70g/L、120.87kj、1.001kg/m~3，最高检测限依次为29.90g/L、99.40g/L、186.10g/L、5.40g/L、1000.00g/L、1540.16kj、1.076kg/m3；精密度相对标准偏差（the relative standard deviation，RSD）依次为0.43%、0.70%、0.45%、0.31%、0.15%、0.53%、0.00%；重复性RSD依次为1.75%、0.53%、1.81%、1.74%、0.23%、3.79%、0.08%；蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、矿物质的平均回收率分别为95.46%、99.18%、95.38%、95.27%。母乳样品在16℃常温保存48h，脂肪、水分、密度三组数据的差异有统计学意义，而蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质三组数据的差异无统计学意义。母乳样品在4℃冷藏保存180h，蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、矿物质、水分、密度六组数据的差异均无统计学意义。（2）37份初乳、32份过渡乳、161份成熟乳中的蛋白质依次为13.03±1.00g/L、12.30±0.75g/L、11.29±0.84g/L；脂肪依次为26.17±14.11g/L、41.41±14.71g/L、44.56±1.67g/L；乳糖依次为81.04±6.23g/L、76.43±4.71g/L、70.24±2.10g/L；矿物质依次为2.27±0.17g/L、2.32±0.13g/L、1.96±0.35g/L；水份依次为877.49±13.47g/L、867.72±13.14g/dl、872.42±7.38g/dl；能量依次265.277±53.185kj、317.21±54.51kj、317.10±64.99kj；密度均值为1.033±0.003kg/m3、1.030±0.003kg/m~3、1.027±0.003kg/m~3。（3）母乳各营养成分含量与不同婴儿月龄的变化关系：母乳中蛋白质含量的测定值（y）与婴儿月龄（x）的变化关系为y=-0.2034*x+12.278；脂肪含量的测定值（y）与婴儿月龄（x）的变化关系为y=1.5378*x+36.90；乳糖含量的测定值（y）与婴儿月龄（x）的变化关系为y=-1.2739*x+76.373；矿物质含量的测定值（y）与婴儿月龄（x）的变化关系为y=-0.0354*x+2.133；水份的测定值（y）与婴儿月龄（x）的变化关系为y=0.0914*x+872.33；能量的测定值（y）与婴儿月龄（x）的变化关系为y=3.5611*x+298.9；密度的测定值（y）与婴儿月龄（x）的变化关系为y=-0.0007*x+1.0301。（4）在产后体重减轻、孕后体重增加、产前体重、生育年龄、职业、家庭类型、婴儿大便次数不同组内的母乳中蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质含量均有显著性差异（P均＜0.05）；产后体重减轻中，＞10kg组初乳中的蛋白质、乳糖均显著高于7-10kg组和＜7kg组；＞10kg组和7-10kg组初乳中的矿物质均显著高于＜7kg组。孕后体重增加中，＞19kg组的过渡乳中的蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质含量显著高于11-19kg组；11-19kg组、＞19kg组的成熟乳中的蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质显著高于7-10kg组。产前体重中，≥75kg组的过渡乳中的蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质显著高于＜66kg组、66-74kg组。乳母生育年龄中，30-40岁组的初乳中的的蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质均显著高于26-29岁组、≤25岁组。职业中，文职组的过渡乳中的蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质显著高于非文职组。家庭类型中，主干家庭组的初乳中蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质含量高于非主干家庭组。在家庭总月收入、家庭总人口数不同组内的母乳中脂肪含量均有显著性差异（P均＜0.05）。家庭总月收入中，＜3千元组的成熟乳中脂肪显著高于3-8千元组。家庭总人口数中，，＜5人组的成熟乳中脂肪含量均显著高于≥5人组。婴儿大便次数中，≥5次组的成熟乳的蛋白质、乳糖显著高于＜1次组。（5）乳母膳食摄入能量在成熟乳的蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质的高成分组与低成分组之间进行比较，具有显著性统计学差异(P均＜0.01)；乳母膳食摄入蛋白质在成熟乳的乳糖的高成分组与低成分组之间进行比较，可见显著性差异（P＜0.05）；乳母膳食摄入脂肪在成熟乳的蛋白质、矿物质高成分组与低成分组之间进行比较，均具有显著性统计学差异（P均＜0.05）；乳母膳食摄入碳水化合物在脂肪的高成分组与低成分组之间进行比较，可见显著性统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论：（1）母乳分析仪具有精密度高、重复性良好、测定过程样品损失少、母乳经4℃冷藏7天稳定性较好的特性，可作为一种快速简单检测母乳营养成分的工具。（2）母乳中的蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质、密度随着泌乳期的延长而减少；而脂肪、能量、水份随月龄增加而增多，适应婴儿生长发育的需求。（3）有利于增加蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质含量的因素是乳母生育年龄处于30-40岁之间、从事文职工作、主干家庭类型、孕后体重增加越多、产前体重越重、产后体重减轻越多等；而母乳中脂肪含量下降的有关因素则是高月收入家庭、家庭总人口数多于5人等。母乳中乳糖含量越高，则婴儿大便次数越多。（4）在成熟乳中，乳母的高能量饮食可增加蛋白质、乳糖和矿物质含量，高蛋白饮食可增加乳糖含量，高脂肪饮食则可增加蛋白质和矿物质含量，高碳水化合物饮食可促进脂肪含量。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the breast milk analyzer (Human Milk Analyzer, HMA) for determination of content of nutritional ingredients feasibility in breast milk; understand the nutrients content in breast milk in different lactation period, the relationship between influence factors and research content of nutritional components in human milk and lactating women, to provide scientific basis for improving the quality of breast milk and breast-feeding guidance.
Methods: according to the informed consent, the principle of voluntary participation, randomly selected from 1 days to 9 months postpartum nurse horizontal survey, collected milk samples, measured by the unified milk samples of the nutrient content of developing type HMA2000 breast milk analyzer, analyzer error control experiment; at the same time, the selected nurse survey of general demographic data and during pregnancy and lactation life, and thelastria dietary survey.
Results: (1) the determination of protein, milk fat analyzer, lactose, minerals, water, energy, the minimum detection limit of density were 0.30g/L, 2.20g/L, 2.00g/L, 0.06g/L, 708.70g/L, 120.87kj, 1.001kg/m~3, the highest detection limit were 29.90g/L, 99.40g/L, 186.10g/L, 5.40g/L, 1000.00g/L, 1540.16kj, 1.076kg/m3; precision relative standard deviation (the relative standard deviation, RSD) were 0.43%, 0.70%, 0.45%, 0.31%, 0.15%, 0.53%, 0%; repeatability of RSD were 1.75%, 0.53%, 1.81%, 1.74%, 0.23%, 3.79%, 0.08%; protein, fat, lactose, minerals, the average recovery rate was 95.46%, 99.18%, 95.38%, 95.27%. the milk samples stored at 16 C ambient temperature 48h, fat, moisture, a statistically significant difference on density of three data sets of protein, lactose, minerals had no significant difference between the three groups of data. Breast milk samples were refrigerated at 4 C for 180h protein Soft, fat, lactose, minerals, water, the density difference data of the six groups were not statistically significant. (2) 37 copies of 32 copies of colostrum, transitional milk, 161 samples of mature milk protein were 13.03 + 1.00g/L, 12.30 + 0.75g/L, 11.29 + 0.84g/L; fat were 26.17 + 14.11g/L, 41.41 + 14.71g/L 44.56 + 1.67g/L; in turn, lactose was 81.04 + 6.23g/L, 76.43 + 4.71g/L, 70.24 + 2.10g/L; minerals were 2.27 + 0.17g/L, 2.32 + 0.13g/L, 1.96 + 0.35g/L; the water was 877.49 + 13.47g/L, 867.72 + 13.14g/dl, 872.42 + 7.38g/dl; energy were 265.277 + 53.185kj, 317.21 + 54.51kj, 317.10 + 64.99kj; the average density was 1.033 + 0.003kg/m3,1.030 + 0.003kg/m~3,1.027 + 0.003kg/m~3. (3) changes in the relationship between the nutrient content of breast milk with different months of age infants: Determination of protein content in human milk (y) and the months of age (x) the relationship between y=-0.2034*x+1 2.278; Determination of fat content (y) and the months of age (x) variation of y=1.5378*x+36.90; Determination of lactose content (y) and the months of age (x) the relationship between y=-1.2739*x+76.373; measured value of mineral content (y) and the months of age (x) the relationship between y=-0.0354*x+2.133 determination of moisture value; (y) and the months of age (x) variation is y=0.0914*x+872.33; the measured value of energy (y) and the months of age (x) variation of y=3.5611*x+298.9; Determination of density (y) and the months of age (x) between y=-0.0007*x+1.0301. (4) reduced in postpartum weight, weight increase after pregnancy, prenatal weight, age, occupation, family type, milk protein, stool frequency of infant in different groups of lactose and mineral content were significantly different (P < 0.05); postpartum weight loss, "10kg group in the colostrum milk protein. Sugar was significantly higher than that of 7-10kg group and 7kg group < > 10kg; and group 7-10kg in the colostrum minerals were significantly higher than those in 7kg group. The weight increase after pregnancy, "transitional milk group 19kg of protein, lactose, minerals were significantly higher than those in 11-19kg group; 11-19kg group, 19kg group, mature milk in the protein, lactose, minerals were significantly higher than that of 7-10kg group. Prenatal weight, more than 75kg group in transition milk protein, lactose, minerals was significantly higher than that of" group 66kg, 66-74kg group. In the women of childbearing age, the age group of 30-40 colostrum protein, lactose, minerals were significantly higher than those in the 26-29 age group, less than 25 age group. Occupation, civilian groups in the transitional milk protein, lactose, minerals were significantly higher than those of non civilian groups. The family type, the protein, the backbone of the family group in colostrum lactose, mineral content is higher than that of the non stem family group. In total household income, total household population The number of different content of fat in milk group was significant difference (P < 0.05). The total family income, < 3 thousand tuple in mature milk fat was significantly higher than that of 3-8 thousand tuples. The total population in the family, "the group of 5 in mature milk fat content was significantly higher than that of more than 5 people. The baby stool frequency, more than 5 groups of mature milk protein, lactose was significantly higher than that of < 1 times. (5) maternal dietary energy intake of mature milk protein, lactose, minerals high group and low group between comparison, statistically significant differences (P < 0.01); nurse the dietary protein intake in mature milk lactose into high group and low group between comparison, significant difference is observed (P < 0.05); thelastria dietary fat intake in mature milk protein, minerals high group and low group between comparison, were statistically significant The difference (P < 0.05); thelastria dietary intake of carbohydrates in the fat between the high group and low group were compared, showed significant statistical differences (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: (1) milk analyzer with high precision, good repeatability, determination of sample loss, breast milk is 4 DEG C refrigerated for 7 days with good stability properties, can be used as a rapid and simple detection of breast milk nutrients. (2) in breast milk protein, lactose, minerals, the density decreased with the prolonged lactation; fat, energy, water and increased with the increasing of age, adapt to the infant's growth and development needs. (3) to increase the protein, lactose, minerals of the factors are the nurse family at the age of 30-40 years, the work in civilian, the backbone of the family type, the more weight increase after pregnancy, prenatal the more weight, postpartum weight loss; related factors and fat content in breast milk decreased is high monthly household income, total household population of more than 5 people. The higher the content of lactose in milk, stool frequency of infant is more (4) in mature. Milk, high energy diet during lactation can increase the protein, lactose and mineral content, high protein diet can increase the content of lactose, high fat diet can increase the protein and mineral content, high carbohydrate diet can promote fat content.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R174.4

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