大连市近五年出生缺陷现况研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 10:42

本文关键词：大连市近五年出生缺陷现况研究　出处：《大连医科大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：通过对2008~2012年大连市出生缺陷监测资料的分析，了解大连市出生缺陷的现状及流行规律，为政府制定有关控制出生缺陷的策略和措施提供依据，达到预防及减少出生缺陷儿的发生，提高人口出生质量的目的。方法：从大连市妇幼保健院监测数据中获得2008~2012年出生缺陷发病数共232894例(包括活产、死胎、死产、孕满28周计划内引产的围产儿)，该数据来源于大连市所有二级以上助产单位出生的孕满28周至产后7天的围产儿。采用描述性统计分析方法，描述大连市2008~2012年出生缺陷总的发生趋势；比较出生缺陷发生状况的城乡和性别差异；描述主要出生缺陷种类的构成比、发生人次、发生顺位及性别分布特征。采用EXCEL2007建立数据库，计算所需指标。采用spss13.0软件进行数据分析，利用卡方检验比较组间发生率。结果：2008~2012年全市共监测232894例围产儿，其中出生缺陷发生数为1970例，总发生率为84.59/万。出生缺陷平均发生率城市为90.32/万，农村为74.49/万，城市高于农村，，差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.817，P0.05)。出生缺陷发生率的性别分布特征表现为男性高于女性（男性为93.46/万，女性为74.89/万），男女性别间的出生缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2.441，P0.05)。肠肛门闭锁或狭窄、多指趾、外耳畸形、总唇裂、并指趾发生率男性明显高于女性，而腭裂发生率女性则明显高于男性。大连市2008年~2012年不同出生缺陷发生顺位位居前5位的是：先天性心脏病、多指趾、外耳畸形、总唇裂和并指趾，其构成比分别为19.27%、12.91%、8.61%、5.61%和5.29%。先天性心脏病的构成比逐年增加，多指趾、外耳畸形的构成比也有所增加，而NTD的构成则呈递减趋势，脑积水的构成比也在逐渐减少。结论：1.大连市2008~2012年间，围产儿出生缺陷的发生率变化不大，基本波动在83/万~86/万之间。大连市出生缺陷发生率明显低于全国水平。 2.大连市2008~2012年出生缺陷发生率城市高于农村、男性高于女性。 3.大连市2008年~2012年出生缺陷发生顺位前5位的是先天性心脏病、多指趾、外耳畸形、总唇裂和并指趾。其中先天性心脏病是出生缺陷中最常见的一类。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the monitoring data of birth defects in Dalian from 2008 to 2012 in order to understand the present situation and prevalence of birth defects in Dalian. It provides the basis for the government to formulate the strategies and measures to control birth defects, to prevent and reduce the occurrence of birth defects and to improve the birth quality of the population. Methods: 232894 cases of birth defects (including live birth, stillbirth and stillbirth) were obtained from the monitoring data of Dalian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2008 to 2012. The data of induced labor in 28 weeks of gestation were obtained from 28 weeks to 7 days of postpartum in all the second degree and above midwifery units in Dalian. The descriptive statistical analysis method was used. The general trend of birth defects from 2008 to 2012 in Dalian is described. Comparing the urban and rural gender differences of birth defects; This paper describes the composition ratio of main birth defect types, occurrence times, occurrence sequence and sex distribution characteristics. EXCEL2007 is used to establish the database. Spss13.0 software was used to analyze the data, and chi-square test was used to compare the incidence between groups. Results A total of 232894 perinatal infants were monitored in the city from August 2008 to 2012, including 1 070 cases of birth defects. The total incidence rate was 84.59 / 10000. The average incidence of birth defects was 90.32 / 10000 in urban and 74.49 / 10000 in rural areas, which was higher in urban than in rural areas. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 = 21.817, P 0.05). The sex distribution of birth defects in males was higher than that in females (93.46 / 10 000 in males). The incidence of birth defects was significantly different between male and female (蠂 2 / 2 441), intestinal anus atresia or stenosis, polyphalangeal deformity and external ear malformation. The incidence of total cleft lip and phalanx was significantly higher in males than in females. The incidence of cleft palate in women was significantly higher than that in men. From 2008 to 2012, the incidence of different birth defects in Dalian was ranked in the first five places: congenital heart disease, polyphalangeal deformity and deformity of the external ear. The constituent ratio of total cleft lip and syndactyly was 19.27% 12.91% and 5.29%, respectively. The proportion of congenital heart disease increased year by year, polyphalangeal toe. The composition ratio of external ear malformation also increased, while the composition of NTD decreased and hydrocephalus gradually decreased. Conclusion 1. The incidence of perinatal birth defects in Dalian city changed little from 2008 to 2012. The basic fluctuation was between 83 / 10,000 and 8.6 / 10. The incidence of birth defects in Dalian was significantly lower than that in the whole country. 2. The incidence of birth defects in Dalian from 2008 to 2012 was higher in urban than in rural areas, and higher in males than in females. 3. Congenital heart disease, polyphalangeal deformity and deformity of the external ear were the top 5 cases of birth defects in Dalian from 2008 to 2012. Cleft lip and syndactyly. Congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defects.
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R174

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