汉语唐氏综合症儿童语音意识与阅读能力关系的研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 20:55

本文关键词： 汉语唐氏综合症儿童语音意识阅读能力　出处：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：学术界对唐氏综合症(Down Syndrome,以下简称DS)儿童语音意识与阅读能力是否相关这一问题一直存在争议,迄今为止还没有发现专门针对汉语DS儿童,甚至汉语智力落后人群,语音意识与阅读能力关系的研究。本研究参照国内外的实验范式,并结合汉语的特征,设计相关的实验任务,旨在考察汉语DS儿童的语音意识能力是否存在损伤,同时探讨其语音意识与阅读能力之间的关系。本研究选取了10名阅读能力匹配的汉语DS儿童和典型发展儿童,采用阅读任务和音节判断、音节删除、押韵判断、音素判断和声调判断等语音意识任务,对比考察了他们在阅读任务和语音意识任务中的能力表现,并通过统计分析考察了汉语DS儿童四个层面的语音意识与阅读能力之间的关系,通过与控制组的比较,探讨汉语DS儿童与典型发展儿童之间是否存在差异。在语音意识任务中,本研究发现汉语DS儿童在四个层面的语音意识任务中的正确得分均显著落后于典型发展儿童,表明汉语DS儿童的语音意识能力存在极其严重的损伤。控制了两组被试的言语智商之后,汉语DS儿童在语音意识任务中的表现与典型发展儿童仍存在显著差异,这表明言语智商并非造成汉语DS儿童语音意识能力损伤的主要原因。就具体的语音意识任务而言,在音节判断任务中,汉语DS儿童对起始位置的音节判断能力要好于其对末尾位置的音节判断；在押韵判断任务中,尽管汉语DS儿童的整体表现远远落后于典型发展儿童,但是两组儿童在韵母为单元音和韵母为复元音这两类押韵判断任务中的表现并不存在显著差异；在音素判断任务中,汉语DS儿童对辅音声母的判断能力较好,而对零声母音节首音素的感知能力较差。这些结果表明造成汉语DS儿童语音意识能力损伤的原因,可能是因为汉语DS儿童过多地将精力集中于语音的起始部分,而对末尾语音的感知存在困难,且他们不理解辅音声母具有可选性,而韵母元音数量的多少并非一个影响因素。在语音意识与阅读能力关系的分析中,本研究发现汉语DS儿童的语音意识,特别是其中的音节意识,与其阅读能力之间存在显著的相关性,从汉语角度证明了DS儿童的语音意识与阅读能力相关。汉语DS儿童和典型发展儿童的表现共同说明音节意识对汉语阅读特别重要,这可能是因为汉语是一种音节语言,发音具有整体性。但是与典型发展儿童表现不同的是,声调意识与汉语DS儿童的阅读能力并没有显著相关,且汉语DS儿童的言语智商在一定程度上对其音节意识与阅读能力之间的相关性产生影响。综合以上发现,本研究认为,与典型发展儿童相比,汉语DS儿童的语音意识能力存在损伤。并且他们的语音意识,特别是其中的音节意识,与其阅读能力显著相关,从汉语角度进一步证明了DS儿童的语音意识与阅读能力相关。
[Abstract]:There has been controversy in academic circles about whether the phonological awareness and reading ability of children with Down syndrome Down Syndrome (DS) are related. So far, no research has been found on the relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability in Chinese children with DS or even with Chinese mental retardation. This study refers to the experimental paradigm at home and abroad and combines the characteristics of Chinese. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the phonological awareness of Chinese DS children was impaired and to explore the relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability. In this study, we selected 10 Chinese DS children and typical developing children who matched their reading ability, and used reading task and syllable judgment, syllable deletion, rhyme judgment, phoneme judgment and tone judgment and other phonological awareness tasks. This paper compares their performance in reading task and phonological awareness task, and explores the relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability of Chinese DS children at four levels by statistical analysis. By comparing with the control group, the paper discusses whether there are differences between Chinese DS children and typical development children. In the phonological awareness task this study found that the correct scores of Chinese DS children in the four levels of phonological awareness tasks are significantly behind the typical development of children. The results show that the phonological awareness of Chinese DS children is severely impaired. After controlling the speech IQ of the two groups. There are still significant differences between Chinese DS children and typical developmental children in phonological awareness tasks. This indicates that speech IQ is not the main reason for the impairment of phonological awareness in Chinese DS children. In terms of specific phonological awareness tasks, the syllable judgment task is the main reason. The ability of Chinese DS children to judge the beginning position of syllables is better than that of the last ones. In the rhyme judgment task, although the overall performance of Chinese DS children is far behind the typical development children. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the tasks of rhyming judgment between the two groups: the vowel and the vowel were the vowels of vowels and the vowels were the vowels of vowels. In the task of phoneme judgment, Chinese DS children have a better ability to judge consonant consonants. The results show that the impairment of phonological awareness in Chinese DS children is due to the poor perception of the initial phoneme of zero consonant syllable. It is possible that Chinese DS children focus too much on the beginning part of the speech, and have difficulty in perceiving the final speech, and they do not understand the consonant consonant is optional. The number of vowels is not a factor. In the analysis of the relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability, this study finds that there is a significant correlation between phonological awareness, especially syllable awareness, and reading ability of Chinese DS children. From the Chinese point of view, the phonological awareness of DS children is related to their reading ability. The performance of Chinese DS children and typical developmental children shows that syllable awareness is particularly important for Chinese reading. This may be due to the fact that Chinese is a syllable language with a holistic pronunciation, but unlike typical developmental children, tone awareness is not significantly related to the reading ability of Chinese DS children. Moreover, the speech IQ of Chinese DS children has an effect on the correlation between syllable consciousness and reading ability to some extent. Combined with the above findings, this study concluded that compared with the typical developmental children, the phonological awareness of Chinese DS children is impaired, and their phonological awareness, especially the syllable consciousness. From the Chinese perspective, it is further proved that the phonological awareness of DS children is related to their reading ability.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R767.92

【参考文献】