哈尔滨市中小学生生活习惯对营养状况的影响

发布时间：2018-03-04 21:18

本文选题：习惯　切入点：营养状况　出处：《中国学校卫生》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的了解哈尔滨城乡地区中小学生生活习惯对其营养状况的影响,为指导中小学生养成健康的生活方式提供基础数据。方法于2014年9月随机抽取哈尔滨市城乡的小学(四、五年级)、初中、高中各1所学校,采用2014年全国学生体质与健康调研学生问卷对5 016名学生进行问卷调查以及身高、体重现场测量。结果城市学生中睡眠时间8h/d的占62.0%,乡村地区睡眠8 h/d的占55.1%;城、乡地区不吃早餐的学生占1.2%和3.1%;城乡地区分别有27.5%和28.4%的学生认为课业负担过重应付不来;城乡地区学生每天体育锻炼时间不足30 min的比例分别为27.7%,24.9%。城乡学生的睡眠时间、吃早餐情况、喝牛奶、吃鸡蛋、课业负担感受、每天做作业时间、看电视玩游戏时间、每天体育锻炼时间、上体育课的感受差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为30.80,46.50,110.86,18.41,56.48,186.83,117.40,147.87,119.58,P值均0.01)。学生的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)整体上随着年龄的增长而增大,9,13,14,17岁城乡男女生之间BMI差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。哈尔滨地区学生仍存在营养不良和超重肥胖的现象,尤以超重、肥胖情况严重,并且男生检出率高于女生,但营养不良状况男女生之间的比较与之相反。多元线性回归分析结果显示,愿意参加长跑锻炼、每天平均睡眠时间、上体育课时的感觉、平均每天作家庭作业的时间、每周吃鸡蛋情况、平均每天看电视、玩游戏的时间、父母在业余时间里是否喜欢参加体育活动、每周吃早餐情况是中小学生营养状况的重要影响因素。结论哈尔滨城、乡中小学生中依然存在着不良生活习惯现象,对学生的生长发育会产生不良的影响。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the influence of primary and secondary school students' life habits on their nutritional status in Harbin, and to provide basic data for guiding primary and middle school students to develop a healthy lifestyle. Methods in September 2014, primary schools in Harbin were randomly selected. In the fifth grade, middle school and high school, 5 016 students were investigated with the 2014 National Student physique and Health Survey student questionnaire and their height. Results the sleeping time of 8h / d was 62.0% in urban students, 55.1% in rural areas, 1.2% and 3.1% in urban and rural areas, 27.5% and 28.4% students in urban and rural areas thought they could not cope with the heavy burden of schoolwork. The proportion of students in urban and rural areas who exercise less than 30 min a day was 27.70.The sleep time, breakfast, milk, eggs, homework and video game time of students in urban and rural areas were 27.7% and 24.9%, respectively. Exercise time every day, There were statistically significant differences in the feeling of physical education (蠂 ~ 2 = 30.80 / 46.50 / 110.861 / 18.41 / 56.48 / 186.83.117.407147.87/ 119.58 / P, respectively). The body mass index (mass) of students increased with the increase of age (P < 0.05). The difference of BMI between urban and rural students aged 913131417 was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Students in Harbin are still malnourished and overweight. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was especially serious, and the prevalence rate of boys was higher than that of girls, but the comparison between male and female students with malnutrition was the opposite. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that they were willing to take part in long distance running exercise and had average sleep time every day. How you feel in physical education, the average time you do homework every day, how you eat eggs a week, how much time you spend watching TV, playing games, whether your parents like to take part in sports in their spare time. Conclusion there are still bad living habits in primary and middle school students in Harbin city and rural areas, which will have a negative effect on the growth and development of primary and middle school students.
【作者单位】：齐齐哈尔医学院公共卫生学院;哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院;
【分类号】：R153.2

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