新疆和田地区787名维吾尔族学龄前儿童营养状况调查

发布时间：2018-03-10 01:41

本文选题：维吾尔族　切入点：学龄前儿童　出处：《新疆医科大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：通过对新疆和田地区维吾尔族学龄前儿童营养现状的调查,评价该地区维吾尔族学龄前儿童营养与发育状况,初探营养干预方向并给予合理化建议。方法：采取随机整群抽样法抽取新疆和田地区3-6岁维吾尔族儿童787名并对其进行调查。(1)采用问卷调查法和3d称重法调查儿童的一般情况和营养状况,膳食调查分析结果分别与中国居民膳食宝塔及膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)及《托儿所幼儿园卫生保健工作规范》中集体膳食要求进行比较并评价；(2)对儿童进行体格测量,测量结果与2005年中国九城市、郊区儿童体格发育调查参考值进行比较,并使用均值离差法和Z评分法评价儿童生长发育情况；由调查结果分析儿童体格发育的相关因素；(3)采用原子吸收光谱法测定静脉全血钙、镁、铁、铜、锌的含量；采用高铁氰化钾法测定血红蛋白的含量,了解儿童矿物质缺乏及贫血情况。由测定结果分析体格发育、血红蛋白含量与血矿物质水平之间的关系。结果：(1)该地区维吾尔族学龄前儿童集体膳食食物来源,谷类摄入量达标,其他食物摄入不足,无水产品摄入,膳食结构不合理。能量、蛋白质、脂肪,占两个标准比例分别为60.77%、75.96%,53.07%、66.33%和78.16%、96.04%；优质蛋白占总蛋白质摄入量比例为15.71%；各类维生素及矿物质摄入量均不足,其中维生素C及钙的摄入量最低,分别为11.21%、14.02%和11.09%、13.86%；(2)均值离差法评价结果：生长迟缓率为20.67%,低体重率为3.10%,消瘦率为1.03%,营养过剩率为6.98%,超重／肥胖率为7.24%；Z评分法评价结果：生长迟缓率为22.74%,低体重率为5.43%,消瘦率为1.03%,营养过剩率为6.20%,超重／肥胖率为8.53%。儿童体格发育与家庭状况有一定的关系,母亲文化程度为儿童低体重的保护因素；(3)低血钙率为46.67%,低血镁率为2.59%,低血铁率为95.19%,低血铜率为2.59%,低血锌率为17.41%；贫血患病率为10.44%。血钙、血铁、血铜、血镁均与体格发育呈显著正相关,血铁、血铜与血红蛋白含量呈显著正相关；而血钙与血镁均与血红蛋白含量呈显著负相关。结论：新疆和田地区维吾尔族学龄前儿童膳食摄入不足,体格发育水平低,矿物质缺乏率及贫血率高于本省其他地区水平,营养状况有待改善。
[Abstract]:Objective: to evaluate the nutritional and developmental status of Uygur preschool children in Hotan, Xinjiang. Methods: 787 Uygur children aged 3-6 years old in Hotan area of Xinjiang were selected by random cluster sampling and investigated by questionnaire survey and 3D weighing method. General and nutritional status of children, The results of dietary survey and analysis were compared with the dietary pagoda and dietary nutrient reference intake (DRIs) and the group dietary requirements in the Nursery and Kindergarten Health Care work Standard, respectively, and evaluated the physical fitness of children. The results were compared with the reference values of the physical development survey of children in nine cities and suburbs of China in 2005, and the mean deviation method and Z score method were used to evaluate the growth and development of children. The contents of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc in venous whole blood were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the content of hemoglobin was determined by potassium ferricyanide method. To understand the status of mineral deficiency and anemia in children. To analyze the relationship between physical development, hemoglobin content and blood mineral level. Results: 1) the source of group food for Uygur preschool children in this area. Grain intake is up to standard, other food intake is insufficient, no aquatic products are consumed, and the diet is not reasonable. Energy, protein, fat, The proportion of high quality protein to total protein intake was 15.71%, and the intake of all kinds of vitamins and minerals was insufficient, among which vitamin C and calcium intake were the lowest, the two standard proportions were 66.33% and 78.16%, respectively, and 53.07% were 60.77%, 78.16% and 96.04%, respectively, and the proportion of high-quality protein to total protein intake was 15.71%, and the intake of all kinds of vitamins and minerals was insufficient. The results were as follows: the growth retardation rate was 20.67, the low body weight rate was 3.10, the wasting rate was 1.03, the excess nutrition rate was 6.98, and the overweight / obesity rate was 7.24z. the results were as follows: the growth retardation rate was 22.7445, the low body weight rate was 5.43, and the mean deviation was 11.21% and 11.09%, respectively: the growth retardation rate was 20.67, the low body weight rate was 3.10%, the wasting rate was 1.03%, the excess nutrition rate was 6.98%, and the overweight / obesity rate was 7.24%. The wasting rate was 1.03 percent, the excess nutrition rate was 6.20, the overweight / obesity rate was 8.53.There was a certain relationship between children's physical development and their family status. The low blood calcium rate, low blood magnesium rate, low blood iron rate, low blood iron rate, low blood copper rate and low blood zinc rate were 46.67, 95.19, 2.59, 2.59 and 17.41%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between blood magnesium and physical development, blood iron, blood copper and hemoglobin content. Conclusion: the dietary intake of Uygur preschool children in Hetian area of Xinjiang is insufficient, the level of physical development is low, the rate of mineral deficiency and anemia is higher than that of other areas in this province. Nutritional status needs to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R723.1

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