自闭症儿童的语义加工

发布时间：2018-03-29 22:37

本文选题：汉语自闭症儿童　切入点：语义加工障碍　出处：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在考察汉语自闭症儿童是否存在语义加工障碍,同时如果存在将对造成此种障碍的原因进行分析。本文选取了9名汉语自闭症儿童和9名典型发展儿童智龄匹配组,采用回忆任务考察了他们在无提示、检索提示、编码提示和全提示四种条件下回忆不相关词汇、语义相关词汇和语音相关词汇的表现,并据此探讨了汉语自闭症儿童的语义加工损伤及原因。实验结果显示：从回忆数量来看,汉语自闭症儿童和典型发展儿童在整个实验中都不存在显著差异；单独提供语义编码或语义检索提示并不能有效提高自闭症儿童回忆语义相关词汇的表现,仅在同时提供两种提示的条件下才有明显的提升；相对于语音相关词汇,汉语自闭症儿童在语义相关词汇的回忆上一直存在优势,并在编码提示和全提示下得到凸显,表现出显著的加工水平效应,回忆语义相关词汇的数量表现显著好于语音相关词汇的。从语义范畴聚合程度来看,汉语自闭症儿童在无提示条件下的ARC值显著低于典型发展儿童；在语义编码提示的帮助下,这一情况得以改变,达到了和匹配组相当的水平。从系列位置表现来看,汉语自闭症儿童无提示条件下回忆不相关词汇表现出相对较弱的首因效应和相对较强的近因效应,系列位置曲线趋势异常。汉语自闭症儿童四种条件下的回忆表现结果表明该群体存在明显的语义加工障碍,他们没有有效地以语义为中介来组织词汇的学习和记忆。此外,本文推测汉语自闭症儿童在语义编码和语义检索上缺陷共存,是这两方面因素共同作用导致了他们的语义加工障碍。汉语自闭症儿童在语义编码上的缺陷较为明显,他们对词语语义的编码程度较低,且倾向于对词语的特异性语义信息进行加工,而忽视了语义关联信息加工。本文赞同“自闭症个体语义编码发展年龄滞后”这一观点,同时不认同汉语自闭症儿童在语音加工上存在优势,驳斥了“自闭症个体语音加工倾向”这一说法。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether Chinese autistic children have semantic processing disorders, and if so, to analyze the causes of these disorders. In this paper, 9 autistic Chinese children and 9 typical developmental children were selected to recall unrelated words under four conditions: no cues, retrieval cues, coding cues and full cues. The expression of semantic related vocabulary and phonetic related vocabulary, and the causes of semantic processing damage in Chinese autistic children were discussed. The results show that there is no significant difference between Chinese autistic children and typical developmental children in the whole experiment. Providing semantic coding or semantic retrieval cues alone can not effectively improve the performance of memory-related words in autistic children, but only when they are provided with two kinds of cues at the same time. Chinese autistic children have always had advantages in the recall of semantic related words, and have been highlighted with coding and full cues, showing a significant processing level effect. The ARC value of Chinese autistic children was significantly lower than that of the typical developing children in the condition of semantic category aggregation, and with the help of semantic coding cues, the ARC of autistic children was significantly lower than that of typical developmental children. This situation was changed to a level comparable to that of the matched group. From the point of view of the series of locational performances, the recall of unrelated words in Chinese autistic children showed a relatively weak primordial effect and a relatively strong proximal effect. Series position curve trend anomaly. The results of recall performance of Chinese autistic children under four conditions showed that the group had significant semantic processing barriers, and they did not effectively organize vocabulary learning and memory by using semantics as an intermediary. This paper speculated that the coexistence of semantic coding and semantic retrieval defects in Chinese autistic children is the joint action of these two factors that lead to their semantic processing disorders. The defects of Chinese autistic children in semantic coding are more obvious. They tend to process the specific semantic information of words and ignore the processing of semantic association information. This paper agrees with the view that the semantic coding of autistic individuals lags behind the development of semantic coding. At the same time, it disagrees with the superiority of Chinese autistic children in phonological processing, and refutes the claim that autistic individual phonetic processing tendency.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R749.94

【参考文献】