儿童肺炎支原体感染肺外并发症临床研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:04

本文选题：肺炎支原体　切入点：免疫反应　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：肺炎支原体(mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)是已知的介于细菌和病毒之间的能独立生活的最小病原微生物,无细胞壁,是儿童下呼吸道感染的重要病原体乙一。轻症的肺炎支原体感染仅表现阵发性刺激性干咳、发热、呼吸音粗或仅闻及干罗音等,重症感染可致支气管肺炎、胸腔积液、肺实变、肺脓肿等,支原体感染可伴发多脏器、多系统的功能损害,呼吸道以外的病变累及范围广泛,可涉及神经系统、皮肤粘膜损害、胃肠道系统、血液系统、心血管系统、肌肉及骨关节系统、耳、眼等,临床表现复杂多变,可为肺炎支原体感染肺炎的伴随症状,也可呈独立表现,不伴呼吸系统症状,肺炎支原体可以通过血行播散到达全身各部位的器官及组织,从而引起肺外损害的发生。大约有25%的肺炎支原体感染的人群可以发生肺外症状,而这种症状可发生于呼吸道症状同时、之前或之后。临床中也可见到仅表现为肺外损害的病例而没有典型的呼吸道症状。与肺炎支原体感染相关的自身免疫反应被认为与肺外并发症的发生有密切关系。然而,PCR技术的广泛应用大大加深了对肺炎支原体感染全身传播的认识程度。肺炎支原体在肺外部位如血液、滑膜炎、脑脊液、心包积液和破损皮肤组织中广泛存在,并且均己通过PCR及直接培养方法而获得,所以直接侵袭是支原体肺外并发症的一个重要途径。本课题研究的目的就是通过回顾肺炎支原体感染患儿的临床资料,总结肺炎支原体感染的肺外表现,探讨其临床诊治及用药特点,以期指导临床治疗,最大限度避免误诊与漏诊的发生。
[Abstract]:Mycoplasma pneumoniae MPN is the smallest pathogen that can live independently between bacteria and viruses. It has no cell wall and is an important pathogen B in children with lower respiratory tract infection.Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in mild cases only shows paroxysmal irritating dry cough, fever, thick breath sound or only smell and dry rales, etc. Severe infection can cause bronchopneumonia, pleural effusion, pulmonary consolidation, pulmonary abscess, etc. Mycoplasma infection can be accompanied by multiple organs.Multisystem functional damage, extensive involvement of diseases other than the respiratory tract, involving the nervous system, skin and mucosal lesions, gastrointestinal system, blood system, cardiovascular system, muscle and bone and joint systems, ears, eyes, etc.The clinical manifestations are complex and changeable. They can be associated symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with pneumonia, but also present independent manifestations. Without respiratory symptoms, mycoplasma pneumoniae can spread through blood to organs and tissues in various parts of the body.This causes extrapulmonary damage.About 25 percent of people infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae can develop extrapulmonary symptoms, which can occur at the same time, before or after respiratory symptoms.Clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary lesions without typical respiratory symptoms can also be seen.The autoimmune response associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is thought to be closely related to the occurrence of extrapulmonary complications.However, the wide application of PCR technology has greatly deepened the understanding of systemic transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Mycoplasma pneumoniae is widely found in external pulmonary locations such as blood, synovitis, cerebrospinal fluid, pericardial effusion and damaged skin tissue, and has been obtained by PCR and direct culture.So direct invasion is an important way of extrapulmonary complications of Mycoplasma.The purpose of this study is to review the clinical data of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, summarize the extrapulmonary manifestations of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and discuss the clinical diagnosis, treatment and medication characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in order to guide the clinical treatment.To avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R725.6

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