母乳反式脂肪酸分析及乳母膳食结构相关性研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 02:22

  本文选题：母乳　切入点：反式脂肪酸　出处：《福建医科大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的： 了解福州地区乳母产褥期生活方式、膳食结构以及母乳中脂肪酸(FA)与反式脂肪酸(TFA)的同分异构体的含量，研究它们之间的关系，以指导乳母合理膳食和健康的生活方式。 方法： 选取长期生活于福州且符合条件的乳母，进行“乳母生活方式、营养和健康状况调查”，并测定母乳中的FA，同时用建立的“母乳中TFA的气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析方法”测定母乳TFA。调查表与检测结果经核对、编码、赋值和EpiData数据双录入，Excel软件、营养计算软件和SPSS13.0软件进行膳食统计分析评价。非参数秩和检验(α=0.05)与Nemenyi多重比较(α=0.10)等统计方法分析FA与膳食结构、营养素摄入量的关系。 结果： 1.乳母产褥期禽畜肉类和蛋类平均每日摄入量分别达到乳母膳食宝塔参考摄入量的439.5%和350.0%，水果类和蔬菜类仅达到43.3%和25.0%，奶类及奶制品和豆类及豆制品为0%。能量平均每日摄入量仅达到乳母RNIs的78.5%，碳水化合物供能比例过低(34.3%)，蛋白质(27.9%)和脂肪(37.0%)供能比过高。钙和VitC平均每日摄入量为乳母RNI或AI比的45.4%和73.8%，无奶类与豆类来源的钙。 2.母乳脂肪酸中SFA含量为57.43%，MUFA为27.75%，n-6PUFA为14.43%，n-3PUFA为0.74%，n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA为19.28，LA/ALA为26.24。平原和沿海者EPA高于山区(P1=0.08，，P2=0.07)；研究生及以上LA/ALA比值高于高中及以下(P=0.06)；专业人员及公务员的DHA高于待业在家(P=0.06)；而纯母乳喂养者SFA含量较低(P=0.046)，MUFA较高(P=0.043)。 3.建立“母乳中TFA的GC-MS分析方法”并优化仪器与前处理条件，可用于12种TFA及其同分异构体的检测，乳脂的方法检出限为4.0-47.1mg/kg，回收率在80%-113%之间，RSD在2.9%-14.5%。TFA在部分母乳样品中检出，含量在9.5-46.9mg/kg之间。 结论： 1.乳母产褥期禽肉类和蛋类摄入充足甚至过量，但是蔬菜类、奶类及奶制品和豆类及豆制品摄入量极低，水果类的摄入量也不足。总能量摄入不足，三大营养素供能比不合理。钙、VitC摄入量低，且无奶类及豆类来源钙。建议适量增加谷薯类、重点增加奶类及奶制品，豆类及豆制品、蔬菜和水果的摄入，注意食物均衡，增加钙与VitC含量高的食物摄入。 2.母乳FA中LA/ALA比值较高，需增加亚麻籽油、苏籽油、大豆油和深海鱼类、贝壳类水生动物和海藻等富含n-3系列FA的食物摄入。同时母乳FA含量，特别是不饱和脂肪酸含量还受到地理环境、社会因素与喂养方式等因素的影响，值得进一步研究。 3.母乳中TFA的GC-MS检测方法与气相色谱-FID法相比，具有定性、定量更准确的优点。实际检测中，TFA在部分母乳样品中检出，但含量均较低。
[Abstract]:Objective:To understand the life style, dietary structure and the contents of the isomers of fatty acid (FFA) and trans fatty acid (TFA) in breast milk during puerperium in Fuzhou area, and to study the relationship between them in order to guide the reasonable diet and healthy lifestyle of nursing mothers.Methods:A survey on the lifestyle, nutrition and health of nursing mothers was carried out in Fuzhou for a long period of time, and the TFA in breast milk was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.The results of questionnaire and test were checked, coded, assigned and EpiData data were input into Excel software, nutrition calculation software and SPSS13.0 software for dietary statistical analysis and evaluation.Nonparametric rank sum test (伪 -0. 05) and Nemenyi multiple comparison (伪-0. 10) were used to analyze the relationship between FA and dietary structure and nutrient intake.Results:1.The average daily intake of poultry meat and eggs in puerperium was 439.5% and 350.0% of the reference intake, 43.3% and 25.0% for fruits and vegetables, and 0% for milk and dairy products, beans and bean products respectively.The average daily energy intake was only 78.5% of that of RNIs, and the ratio of carbohydrate energy supply was too low (34.3%, protein 27.9%) and fat 37.0% (P < 0.05).The average daily intake of calcium and VitC was 45.4% and 73.8% of the RNI or AI ratio of lactating mother, and there was no calcium from milk and beans.2.The content of SFA in breast milk fatty acids was 57.43, and the content of MUFA was 27.75% and 14.43%, 0.74% -6 PUFA / n-3 PUFA = 19.28 L / L / Ala was 26.24%.骞冲師鍜屾部娴疯

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