课业簿册卫生标准中格线规格要素研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 15:00

本文选题：课业簿册 + 标准　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景和研究目的视力不良是我国和东亚地区儿童青少年的常见病、多发病之一,严重影响了儿童青少年的健康成长和生活质量。在过去的20年里,我国儿童青少年学生的视力不良检出率持续上升。自2007年中共中央、国务院《关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》颁布以来,青少年防近工作成为提高青少年体质的一项重要内容。为实现“近视发生率明显下降”的工作目标,教育、卫生等部门已采取多种干预措施以降低、减缓学生视力不良及近视的发生发展。课业簿册构成学生近距离用眼作业时重要视觉环境因素之一。然而,学生家长、教师普遍反映目前学生课业簿册行高不足、留空过窄,迫使学生书写过小字体。事实上,正是由于我国没有关于课业簿册视觉卫生方面的规定,特别是缺乏课业簿册格线规格的相关规定作为参考标准,簿册生产厂家仅凭经验来确定每种簿册内芯纸张上所印格线的大小,导致课业簿册行间距过窄现象普遍。本研究目的在于：运用定量研究方法,从多个角度研究不同年级、不同学科中小学生课业簿册内芯纸张格线的适宜尺寸,为正在制订的中小学课业簿册卫生标准中簿册格线规格的确定提供循证依据。对象与方法采用现况研究设计,在前期“中小学教室光环境改造三年行动计划一学生视力跟踪监测项目”的抽样框架中选取徐汇、虹口两个区,共计12所样本中小学校,整群抽取二、三、四、七年级的全部学生、全部家长和部分教师进行问卷调查。通过视力跟踪监测项目收集的学生视力数据,获取每个学生于2009、2010年进行的2次视力检查及屈光测定的结果,结合本次调查了解中小学生与簿册有关的书写行为,分析中小学生在现行格线规格的簿册内芯纸张上写小字行为与视力不良或近视发生发展的关系；将现行使用的课业簿册与周边国家或地区簿册格线规格进行对比,结合视光学研究成果,打样生产不同种类、不同格线规格的簿册在学生本人、学生家长、教师中试用,以确定哪一种格线规格的书写用眼比较省力、书写速度比较快、格线高度最合适、整体视觉舒适度最好,进而提出簿册内芯纸张格线规格的适宜尺寸。结果研究结果表明,目前上海市中小学生写小字现象普遍,被调查对象中,超过30%的学生本人自我报告(二年级学生由家长报告)日常书写时写小字,经过调查员客观判断发现,近40%的学生在现行使用的1#课业簿册内芯纸张上书写时写小字,写小字已经成为一个不容忽视的近距离书写问题。部分年级的学生中,写小字组与不写小字组在2010年视力检查及屈光测定时裸眼视力、等效球面镜值、眼轴长度、疑似近视检出率等指标的差异具有统计学意义。其中,七年级学生,写小字组2010年裸眼视力值显著低于不写小字组；三年级学生虽也有同样的趋势,但对比组之间差异不具有统计学意义。二年级学生,写小字组2010年等效球面镜值显著高于不写小字组。七年级学生,写小字组2010年疑似近视检出率显著高于不写小字组；二、三年级学生虽也有同样的趋势,但对比组之间差异不具有统计学意义。部分年级的学生中,写小字组与不写小字组在2009-2010年2次视力检查及屈光测定时裸眼视力增加值、等效球面镜增加值、眼轴长度增加值、疑似近视新发病率等指标的差异具有统计学意义。其中,写小字组与不写小字组的裸眼视力增加值、等效球面镜增加值、眼轴长度增加值在各个年级中差异均无统计学意义。三年级学生,写小字组2009-2010年疑似近视新发病率显著高于不写小字组；二、七年级学生虽也有同样的趋势,但对比组之间差异不具有统计学意义。分别以疑似近视检出与否、疑似近视新发病与否为因变量,分别以学生自我报告(二年级学生由家长报告)在作业本上写小字和客观判断学生写小字为自变量,控制性别、父亲或母亲600度以上近视、不良用眼习惯、孩子的学习压力、每日室外活动时间、每日用电脑时间、每日睡眠时间等因素的混杂作用,运用二分类多元Logistic回归模型分析写小字行为预测疑似近视检出与否、疑似近视新发病与否的相对危险度(OR值)。结果显示,七年级学生自我报告在作业本上写小字预测疑似近视检出情况的OR值是1.717(1.045-2.821)。提示七年级学生日常在作业本上写小字会使疑似近视检出的风险增加71.7%。三年级学生自我报告在作业本上写小字预测疑似近视新发病的OR值是1.819(1.076-3.075)。提示三年级学生日常在作业本上写小字更容易新发疑似近视。通过试用三种格线规格不同的新型簿册,各年级学生家长和授课教师普遍认为,研究组确定的2#簿册内芯纸张的格线高度最合适、整体视觉舒适度最好。三年级以上学生也大都倾向于认为在2#簿册内芯纸张上书写用眼比较省力、书写速度比较快、格线高度最合适、整体视觉舒适度最好。提示研究组确定的簿册内芯纸张格线规格可以应用到中小学课业簿册卫生标准中,以指导、规范课业簿册内芯格线规格的生产。结论上海市中小学生写小字情况比较严重,课业簿册格线规格过小问题比较突出,中小学生日常在作业本上写小字增加患近视的风险。儿童青少年具备近点距离较短,眼球调节能力强等特点,长时间近距离用眼容易造成视疲劳。本次调查提示我们,必须通过各种渠道,加大对中小学生近视的预防及写小字习惯危害的宣传教育力度,使学生本人、学生家长、授课教师了解更多相关知识,消除错误观点,增强学生自我保护视力的意识和能力。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose of study

The poor eyesight is one of the most common diseases in children and adolescents in China and East Asia , which seriously affects the healthy growth and quality of life of children and adolescents .

However , students ' parents and teachers generally reflect the shortage of students ' books and books , and force the students to write their small fonts . In fact , it is precisely because our country has no provisions on the visual health of books and books , especially the lack of the relevant provisions of the book grid specifications of the books industry as the reference standard , and the book manufacturers only use their experience to determine the size of the screen printed on the core paper in each book .

The purpose of this study is to study the appropriate size of the core paper grids in different grades , different subjects and primary and middle school students from various angles and to provide evidence - based evidence for the determination of the size of books in books and books in the middle and middle schools .

object and method

Based on the current research and design , we selected Xuhui and Hongkou in the sample frame of the three - year plan of action plan for light environment transformation of primary and middle schools in the early stage . All the students , parents and some teachers from the second , third , fourth and seventh grades were investigated by means of visual tracking .
By comparing the existing books of books and books with surrounding countries or regions , combining with the results of optical research , the books of different types and different grid specifications are tried in the students themselves , parents and teachers so as to determine which grid specification writing eyes are more labor - saving , the writing speed is quick , the grid height is the most suitable , the overall visual comfort is the best , and the appropriate size of the core paper grid specification in the book book is further proposed .

Results

The results show that in the present study , more than 30 % of students ' self - reporting ( second - grade students are reported by parents ) are written in daily written form , and the objective judgment of investigators finds that nearly 40 % of students write small words on the core paper in the existing 1 # curriculum book , which has become an important writing problem that cannot be ignored .

The difference of the visual acuity , the equivalent spherical lens value , the length of the eye axis and the detection rate of the suspected myopia was statistically significant in the students of the first grade , while the visual acuity , the equivalent spherical mirror value , the length of the eye axis and the detection rate of the suspected myopia were statistically significant .
Although there are similar trends in the third - grade students , the difference between the two grades is not statistically significant . In the second - grade students , the equivalent spherical mirror value of the second - grade students is significantly higher than that in the non - writing group .
Second , although there were similar trends in the third - grade students , the difference between the comparative groups was not statistically significant .

There was no significant difference in the visual acuity of naked eyes , the added value of the equivalent spherical mirror , the increase of the length of the eye axis and the new incidence of suspected myopia in the students of the first grade . Among them , there was no significant difference in the values of the visual acuity of naked eyes , the added value of the equivalent spherical mirror , the increase of the length of the eye axis and the new incidence of myopia .
Second , although there were similar trends in the seventh grade students , the difference between the comparative groups was not statistically significant .

The results showed that the OR value of students ' self - reporting on the homework book was 1.717 ( 1.045 - 2.821 ) . The results showed that the OR value of students ' self - reporting on homework was 1.717 ( 1.045 - 2.821 ) .

It is generally accepted by parents and teachers in all grades that the grid height of the core paper in the 2 # book is the best , and the overall visual comfort is the best . Most of the students in the third grade tend to think that the paper grid specification can be applied to the middle and middle school books hygiene standards to guide and regulate the production of the core wire specifications in the book book .

Conclusion

This investigation suggests that we must strengthen the propaganda and education on the prevention and writing of myopia of primary and middle school students by various channels , so as to make students themselves , students and parents , teaching teachers understand more relevant knowledge , eliminate erroneous views and enhance students ' awareness and ability of self - protection vision .

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R174

【参考文献】