煤烟型大气污染与幼儿呼吸系统症状及疾病相关分析

发布时间：2018-04-28 20:27

本文选题：大气污染 + 幼儿　；参考：《重庆医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：分析孕期及婴幼儿期煤烟型大气污染暴露与幼儿呼吸系统症状及疾病发生的相关关系，探讨幼儿呼吸系统症状及疾病发生的危险因素，为预防幼儿呼吸系统症状及疾病的发生提供流行病学依据。方法：采用前瞻性队列研究的方法，于火电厂关闭前后随机选取铜梁县公立医院出生的符合纳入标准的健康活产儿295名，随访至2岁。按照煤烟型大气污染暴露程度分为暴露组与对照组，分别于出生及2岁时对家长或其监护人进行《出生问卷》及《呼吸系统疾病调查表》问卷调查。结果：（1）煤烟型大气污染暴露组呼吸系统症状发生率高于对照组：呼吸系统总症状（98.37%57.05%）、鼻涕鼻塞（92.80%54.36%）、咳嗽（82.54%32.88%）、喉疼（17.60%12.59%）、哮鸣性咳嗽（3.17%0）、无感冒而咳（0.79%0.66%）、呼吸困难（0.79%0）。其中呼吸系统总症状、鼻涕鼻塞、咳嗽、哮鸣性咳嗽阳性发生率暴露组与对照组差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。多元Logistic回归结果显示煤烟型大气污染暴露是呼吸系统总症状（OR=42.837）、鼻涕鼻塞（OR=9.780）和咳嗽（OR=10.281）发生的危险因素。（2）近3个月内煤烟型大气污染暴露组与对照组幼儿肺炎、支气管炎、支气管哮喘、副鼻窦炎、细支气管炎及肺结核等呼吸系统疾病的发生率差异无统计学意义。（3）生后暴露组与对照组幼儿支气管炎发生率有统计学差异（P0.05），呼吸系统疾病总发生率、肺炎、支气管哮喘发生率两组间差异无统计学意义。多元Logistic回归结果显示煤烟型大气污染暴露是2岁幼儿生后支气管炎发生的危险因素（OR=3.003）。结论：（1）煤烟型大气污染暴露引起幼儿呼吸系统症状发生率增高。（2）煤烟型大气污染暴露对幼儿3个月内呼吸系统疾病发生率影响不明显。（3）生后煤烟型大气污染暴露引起2岁幼儿支气管炎发生率增高，，但对呼吸道疾病总发生率、肺炎及支气管哮喘疾病发生率影响不明显。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the relationship between air pollution exposure of coal smoke type during pregnancy and infants, respiratory symptoms and diseases in infants, and to explore the risk factors of respiratory symptoms and diseases in infants. To provide epidemiological evidence for prevention of respiratory symptoms and diseases in young children. Methods: a prospective cohort study was used to randomly select 295 healthy live infants born in Tongliang public hospital before and after the closure of the power plant, who were followed up to 2 years old. According to the exposure degree of coal smoke air pollution, the parents or their guardians were investigated with birth questionnaire and respiratory diseases questionnaire respectively at birth and at the age of 2 years in the exposed group and the control group. Results the incidence of respiratory symptoms in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group: total respiratory symptoms were 98.37 W. 05, nasal obstruction 92.80 T.36, cough 82.542.88, larynx 17.60, wheezing cough 3.170, cough 0.790.66 without a cold, dyspnea 0.790, and dyspnea 0.7900.Results the incidence of respiratory symptoms in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group: 98.37 W. 05, 92.80 T.36, 82.542.88, 17.60 and 3.170, 0.790.66 and 0.790 respectively. The incidence of total respiratory symptoms, nasal obstruction, cough and wheezing cough in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that air pollution exposure of coal smoke type was a risk factor for respiratory system symptoms: Orchus 42.837, nasal mucus 9.780) and cough Orr 10.281). The incidence of respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, paranasal sinusitis, bronchiolitis and pulmonary tuberculosis were not significantly different between the coal smoke air pollution exposure group and the control group in recent 3 months. (3) the incidence of bronchitis in postnatal exposure group was significantly different from that in control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of respiratory diseases, pneumonia and bronchial asthma. The results of multiple Logistic regression showed that exposure to coal smoke air pollution was a risk factor of postnatal bronchitis in children aged 2 years. Conclusion (1) the incidence of respiratory system symptoms in toddlers caused by air pollution exposure of coal smoke type is increased. 2) the incidence of respiratory diseases in children within 3 months is not significantly affected by exposure to coal smoke type air pollution. 3) after birth, there is no significant effect on the incidence of respiratory diseases in children with coal smoke type air pollution exposure. The incidence of bronchitis was increased in children aged 2 years. However, the incidence of respiratory diseases, pneumonia and bronchial asthma was not significantly affected.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R725.6

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