儿童EB病毒感染相关IM和HLH的临床分析和病毒感染特征
发布时间:2018-05-07 23:25
本文选题:儿童 + EB病毒 ; 参考:《广州医学院》2012年硕士论文
【摘要】:研究背景: EB病毒(Epstein-Barr,EBV)为双链DNA病毒,是一种嗜人B淋巴细胞病毒,属于疱疹病毒γ亚科家族中的一员。该病毒在人群中普遍易感,国外报道,成人血清EBV抗体阳性率达95%以上~[1],我国3~5岁儿童EBV抗体阳性率达80.7~100%,10岁时100%的儿童血清EBV抗体阳性转化~[2]。EBV是儿童感染性疾病常见的病原体,感染时症状轻重不一,部分仅表现无症状的血清学转换,其中50%发展为传染性单核细胞增多症(Infection mononucleosis,IM)~[2]。IM被认为是一种免疫病理性疾病(Immunopathological disease)[13],EBV原发感染后引起大量CD8~+T淋巴细胞增殖,一方面杀伤EBV感染的B细胞,一方面侵犯淋巴组织器官、释放炎症因子,主要是Th1型细胞因子,引起一系列的临床症状。婴幼儿免疫发育尚不成熟,因此大部分感染EBV后表现为血清学转化或仅表现为轻症或不典型病变。IM是自限性疾病,一般预后良好,病死率仅为1~2%[14]。在少数患儿可发生多个系统并发症,发展为重症IM。在极少数个体可发生EBV相关性噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症(Epstein-Barr virus-associatedhemophagocytic lymphphistiocytosis,EBV-AHS)本病在临床上呈暴发性,如不及时诊断和治疗,患者迅速死亡,病死率可达30~40%~[15]。 噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,HLH)是多种原因造成自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)和T细胞功能缺陷,引起大量炎症细胞因子释放,造成机体巨噬细胞活化,机体脏器、组织损伤的一组临床综合征。其临床表现具有特征性但缺乏特异性。主要临床表现为持续发热,肝、脾大,全血细胞减少,骨髓、淋巴结等组织可见吞噬血细胞现象。多种原因可引起HLH:遗传因素、感染、肿瘤、自身免疫系统疾病。EBV-AHS是感染所致HLH中的常见类型。无论是先天性还是后天性HLH,EBV都是最常见的触发因素。不同病因所致HLH预后不同,非EBV感染所致HLH,60-70%随原发病的治愈而缓解,而未经治疗的EBV-AHS常常是致命的[46],特别是EBV-DNA定量分析持续增高者。目前对于极少数EBV感染后发展为EBV-AHS的患儿特别是无明确基因缺陷者,其体内病毒与机体免疫力相互作用的研究尚不十分清楚。 EBV原发感染后产生病毒特异的体液免疫反应和细胞免疫反应,通过检测血清中EBV特异性抗体滴度可以反映病毒感染后机体的体液免疫反应情况。间接免疫荧光法(Indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)是检测EBV特异性抗体的经典方法,但该方法耗时耗力且敏感性低于酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),ELISA具有高效、快速、敏感性高等特点,现已广泛用于EBV感染血清学检查。实时荧光定量PCR技术(Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction,Real-time PCR)是在定性PCR技术基础上发展起来的核酸定量检测技术,是目前确定样本中DNA拷贝数最敏感、最准确的方法,现已替代了其它定量PCR的方法广泛用于测定EBV负载量。通过FQ-PCR检测患者外周血中EBV-DNA拷贝数,能够很好的反映体内病毒的负荷量。因此我们采用ELISA和FQ-PCR的方法检测EBV感染患儿外周血抗体谱表现和EBV-DNA负载量,分析普通EBV感染和EBV-AHS患儿机体免疫反应和机体内病毒活动的特点。 目的: 了解EB病毒感染所致IM和EBV-AHS的临床特点以及血清学EBV抗体谱和外周血病毒负载量的特点。 方法: 1EBV感染患儿临床特点和实验室检查分析 将EBV感染患儿分为IM组和EBV-AHS组,分析两组病例的临床特点和实验室检查特点。 2EBV特异性抗体检测 2.1标本收集:所有患儿标本在入院时采集,用促凝管收集外周静脉血2ml。 2.2分离血清:收集的血标本离心,2500rpm/min×15min,吸取上层血清,将血清等分装于ep管中,放于-80℃冰箱保存。 2.3检测血清中EBV抗体:待收集一定数量标本后用ELISA法检测患儿血清中EBV四项抗体,包括:抗EBV衣壳抗原(capsid antigen,CA)IgM(EBV-CA-IgM)/IgG(EBV-CA-IgG)抗体、抗EBV早期抗原(early antigen,EA)IgG(EBV-EA-IgG)抗体、抗EBV核抗原(nucler antigen,NA)IgG(EBV-NA-IgG)抗体。 2.4根据抗体检测结果将EBV感染分为原发感染组和亚急性感染组,比较两组的临床特点和实验室检查。 3EBV-DNA拷贝数检测 3.1标本收集:所有患儿标本在入院时采集,用促凝管收集外周静脉血2ml。 3.2分离血清:收集的血标本离心,2500rpm/min×15min,吸取上层血清,将血清等分装于ep管中,储存于-80℃冰箱。 3.3提取DNA:使用QIAampDNA Mini kit(QIAGEN)提取血清中DNA,将提取的DNA等分储存于-80℃冰箱。 3.4检测EBV-DNA负载量:待收集一定数量标本后用FQ-PCR检测血清中EBV-DNA负载量。 4统计学方法 采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料用Kolmogorov-Smirnov正态性检验,正态分布资料用均数±标准差((?)±s)表示,采用两独立样本的t检验(Independent-samples T text);偏态分布资料用中位数(范围)表示,采用Mann-Whitney秩和检验。计数资料以构成比(%)表示,采用两独立样本率的卡方检验;两变量间的相关分析用Peason相关分析,,当P<0.05时,认为有统计学意义。 结果: 1.本研究中IM组患儿男女比例1.8:1;发病年龄13个月~13岁,平均4.6岁;其中以学龄前儿童多见(60.5%)。 2.本研究IM发热、咽峡炎发生率(97.7%),颈部淋巴结肿大(95.3%),眼睑浮肿(48.8%),肝肿大(65.1%),脾肿大(46.5%),皮疹(20.9%),热程中位数为5d,热峰39.2℃,眼睑浮肿发生率高于脾肿大和皮疹。EBV-HLH热程中位数为27d,热峰40.4℃,EBV-AHS热程显著长于IM组(P=0.002),热峰显著高于IM组(P=0.001)。 3.EBV-AHS临床特点为持续高热、肝脾肿大,实验室检查主要特点:白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板计数减低,肝功能异常,以酶学改变为主,尤以LDH升高明显(1690±759U/L),甘油三脂(TG)升高、血清铁蛋白(SF)明显升高(均>2000ug/L),纤维蛋白原(Fb)均降低。 4.原发感染(抗VCA-IgM阳性,抗EBNA-IgG阴性,抗VCA-IgG、EA-IgG阳性或阴性)是IM抗体谱的主要类型(65.1%),入院时抗EBV-CA-IgM阳性率(97.6%),其中1例患儿入院时抗EBV-CA-IgM阴性1周后复查转阳性。5例EBV-AHS患儿抗体谱均表现为既往感染。 5.比较EBV原发感染和亚急性感染临床表现和主要实验室数据显示,EBV原发感染眼睑浮肿率(P=0.033)和肝脏肿大率(P=0.011)显著高于EBV亚急性感染组;LDH前者较后者明显升高(P=0.005)。比较两组合并肝功能损害发生率显示:EBV原发感染显著高于亚急性感染(P=0.005)。 6.IM组入院时均行血清EBV-DNA负载量检测,其中阳性者24例(56%),均数为5.88×10~4copies/ml,最大值2.88×10~5copies/ml,最小值8.24×10~3copies/ml。其中有10例于住院治疗7天后复查血清中EBV-DNA负载量,结果均转阴。5例EBV-AHS血清中EBV-DNA拷贝数均阳性,均数为1.86×10~8copies/ml,最大值9.25×10~8copies/ml,最小值2.88×10~5copies/ml。EBV-AHS组中EBV-DNA负载量显著高于IM组(P=0.001)。 7.IM组根据血清EBV-DNA检测结果分为EBV-DNA定量阳性组和阴性组,比较入院时主要实验室数据,结果显示EBV-DNA阳性组肝功明显异常,以酶学改变为主(ALT、AST、LDH),ALT、LDH较EBV-DNA阴性组相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义(ALT:P=0.013;LDH:P=0.003)。EBV-DNA负载量与AST(r=0.567, P=0.004)、LDH(r=0.885,P=0.004)呈正相关。 结论: 1.本研究中IM以男性多见,好发于学龄前儿童。发热、咽峡炎、颈部淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大是IM常见临床表现,眼睑浮肿与其它典型临床表现一样对IM具有诊断价值。热程、热峰有助于判断IM是否发生EBV-AHS。 2.儿童EBV-AHS血液系统和肝脏损害严重,酶学中以LDH升高更为显著。血清铁蛋白、甘油三脂和纤维蛋白原在EBV-AHS的早期阶段即有改变,一旦临床上怀疑EBV-AHS应尽快完善以上检查,便于早期诊断和治疗。 3.本研究中IM入院诊断时血清抗体谱以原发感染为主(65.1%),EBV原发感染较EBV亚急性感染临床症状更典型,病情更重。临床怀疑IM入院时抗VCA-IgM阴性患儿应予以复查,可提高阳性率。 4.血清抗体检测在诊断EBV-AHS的敏感性不及FQ-PCR,在诊断EBV-AHS时血清EBV抗体阴性是不能除外EBV感染,需完善外周血EBV-DNA荧光定量检测以明确。 5.IM血清中EBV-DNA负载量与临床严重程度呈正相关;检测外周血EBV-DNA拷贝数能更好反映体内EBV的活动情况。EBV-AHS血清中EBV-DNA负载量显著高于IM患儿,对于EBV感染特别是血清EBV-DNA呈高拷贝数的患儿,应动态观察外周血中EBV-DNA负载量变化,以了解病情的变化和治疗效果。
[Abstract]:Research background:
EB virus (Epstein-Barr, EBV) is a double stranded DNA virus. It is a human B lymphocyte virus and belongs to the family of herpes virus gamma subfamily. The virus is common in the population. The positive rate of serum EBV antibody in adult serum is above 95% ~[1]. The positive rate of EBV antibody in 3~5 years old children in our country is 80.7~100%, and the serum EBV of 100% children at the age of 10 Antibody positive transformation ~[2].EBV is a common pathogen of infective diseases in children. The severity of the infection is different, and some of them only show asymptomatic serological conversion. 50% of them are infectious mononucleosis (Infection mononucleosis, IM) ~[2].IM is considered as an immune pathological disease (Immunopathological disease) [13], EBV After primary infection, a large number of CD8~+T lymphocyte proliferation, on the one hand, EBV infected B cells, on the one hand invasion of lymphoid tissues and organs, the release of inflammatory factors, mainly Th1 type cytokines, causing a series of clinical symptoms. Infant immune development is not mature, so a large portion of the infection after EBV is serological transformation or only manifested as Light or atypical.IM is a self limiting disease with a good prognosis. The mortality rate is only 1 ~ 2%[14]. in a few children, and there are many systemic complications in a few children. The development of severe IM. can occur in a very few individuals with EBV related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (Epstein-Barr virus-associatedhemophagocytic lymphphistiocytosis, E). BV-AHS) the disease is fulminant in clinic. If it is not diagnosed and treated in time, the patient will die quickly. The fatality rate can reach 30 to 40%~[15]..
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HLH) is a group of clinical syndromes that cause a variety of reasons for the functional defects of natural killer cells (natural killer cell, NK) and T cells, causing a large number of inflammatory cytokines to release, resulting in the activation of macrophages, organs and tissue damage in the body. Its clinical table It is characterized by lack of specificity. The main clinical manifestations are persistent fever, liver, splenomegaly, total hemocytosis, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other tissues. A variety of causes can cause HLH: genetic factors, infection, tumor, and autoimmune disease.EBV-AHS are common types of HLH caused by infection. It is acquired HLH and EBV are the most common triggers. Different causes of HLH have different prognosis, HLH and 60-70% are cured with non EBV infection, and untreated EBV-AHS is often fatal [46], especially in EBV-DNA quantitative analysis. There is no clear genetic defect, and the interaction between virus and immunity is not clear.
After the primary infection of EBV, the virus specific humoral immune response and cell immune response are produced. The detection of EBV specific antibody titer in serum can reflect the humoral immune response of the body after the virus infection. The indirect immunofluorescence (Indirect immunofluorescence assay, IFA) is the classic method for detecting specific antibodies of EBV, but this prescription The method is time-consuming and energy consuming and is less sensitive than Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapid and high sensitivity. It has been widely used in the serological examination of EBV infection. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR (Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a qualitative technique. The nucleic acid quantitative detection technology developed on the basis of operation is the most sensitive and accurate method to determine the number of DNA copies in the sample, and has now replaced the other quantitative PCR method for measuring the load of EBV. The detection of EBV-DNA copies in the peripheral blood of patients by FQ-PCR can reflect the load of the virus in the body very well. Therefore, we can well reflect the load of the virus in the body. The ELISA and FQ-PCR methods were used to detect the peripheral blood antibody spectrum and the amount of EBV-DNA load in children with EBV infection. The characteristics of the immune response and the virus activity in the body of children with common EBV infection and EBV-AHS were analyzed.
Objective:
To understand the clinical characteristics of IM and EBV-AHS caused by EB virus infection and the characteristics of serological EBV antibody spectrum and the amount of viral load in peripheral blood.
Method锛
本文编号:1858939
本文链接:https://www.wllwen.com/yixuelunwen/eklw/1858939.html
最近更新
教材专著